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基于臨界氮濃度的寧夏玉米氮吸收與虧缺模型研究
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國家自然科學基金項目(31560339)、寧夏回族自治區(qū)科技重大專項(2018BBF0200404)、寧夏區(qū)重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018BBF02018)和“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2015BAD22B01)


Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Deficit Model of Drip Irrigation Maize in Ningxia Based on Critical Nitrogen Concentration
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    摘要:

    以寧夏回族自治區(qū)當地玉米主栽品種天賜19為試驗材料,設置6個氮素水平(0、90、180、270、360、450kg/hm2),研究滴灌玉米地上部生物量和氮累積動態(tài)變化,構建玉米臨界氮稀釋曲線模型,在此基礎上構建氮吸收模型和氮累積虧缺模型,實現對滴灌玉米氮素營養(yǎng)狀況的快速診斷。結果表明,滴灌玉米地上部干物質量增長和氮吸收累積均受施氮水平的影響,且隨生育進程的推進呈上升趨勢,氮累積量過高或過低均不利于產量形成,玉米植株存在氮奢侈消費現象;滴灌玉米臨界氮濃度、最高和最低氮濃度與地上部干物質量之間均可用冪函數方程表示,其平均決定系數R2分別為0.976、0.903和0.941,均達到極顯著水平;基于臨界氮濃度構建的氮吸收模型和氮累積虧缺模型對滴灌玉米生育期內氮素營養(yǎng)診斷結果一致,綜合施氮量與產量的擬合曲線,推薦寧夏引黃灌區(qū)滴灌玉米施氮量以270~311kg/hm2為宜。研究結果可為寧夏引黃灌區(qū)滴灌玉米實現精準施肥和優(yōu)化氮素管理提供理論參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the model of critical nitrogen dilution curve of maize under the integrated mode of drip irrigation and water fertilization, local maize main variety “Tianci 19” of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was used as the experimental material, and six nitrogen levels (0kg/hm2, 90kg/hm2, 180kg/hm2, 270kg/hm2, 360kg/hm2 and 450kg/hm2) were set, the dynamic changes of aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation in drip irrigation maize were studied, a critical nitrogen dilution curve model of maize was constructed, and a nitrogen absorption model and nitrogen accumulation deficit model were built on this basis to achieve rapid diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition status of drip irrigation maize. The results showed that the dry matter quality and nitrogen uptake of the aboveground drip irrigation were affected by the nitrogen application level, and it was increased with the progress of the growth process. The excessive or too low nitrogen accumulation was not conducive to the formation of yield, and the nitrogen of maize plants, the luxury consumption phenomenon existed. The critical nitrogen concentration, the highest and the lowest nitrogen concentrations of the drip irrigation maize can be expressed by the power function equation, and the average coefficient of determination R2 was 0.976, 0.903 and 0.941, respectively, which reached extremely significant level. The nitrogen uptake model and the nitrogen accumulation deficit model based on the critical nitrogen concentration were consistent with the results of nitrogen nutrition diagnosis during the growth period of drip irrigation maize, and the fitting curve of comprehensive nitrogen application rate and yield, recommending the nitrogen application rate of drip irrigation maize in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District as 270~311kg/hm2. The research result provided a theoretical reference for the precise fertilization and optimized nitrogen management of drip irrigation maize in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District.

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賈彪,付江鵬.基于臨界氮濃度的寧夏玉米氮吸收與虧缺模型研究[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(1):256-263. JIA Biao, FU Jiangpeng. Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Deficit Model of Drip Irrigation Maize in Ningxia Based on Critical Nitrogen Concentration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):256-263.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-01-10
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