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黃土高原典型區(qū)雨水資源化潛力模擬與評(píng)價(jià)
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中國科學(xué)院重點(diǎn)部署項(xiàng)目(KFZD-SW-306)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFF0215702)


Simulation and Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Typical Areas of Loess Plateau
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    為充分利用雨水資源應(yīng)對(duì)黃土高原水土流失和干旱缺水的問題,引入分布式水文模擬技術(shù),構(gòu)建具有物理成因機(jī)制的分布式雨水資源化潛力評(píng)估模型,解決雨水資源利用的核心問題——評(píng)價(jià)當(dāng)?shù)氐挠晁Y源化潛力。通過研究黃土高原典型區(qū)域黃河河口鎮(zhèn)至龍門段(河龍區(qū)間)的雨水資源情況,定量評(píng)估該區(qū)域雨水資源化潛力,結(jié)果表明:在氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的雙重背景下,20世紀(jì)80年代后,黃河流域河龍區(qū)間的地表徑流量、土壤有效水增量和雨水資源化潛力呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢;河龍區(qū)間大部分地區(qū)雨水資源呈增長趨勢,雨水資源可基本滿足現(xiàn)有條件下區(qū)域植被恢復(fù)的用水需求。氣候變化對(duì)雨水資源化潛力起正影響作用,貢獻(xiàn)率為63.4%,土地利用/覆蓋變化則為負(fù)影響,貢獻(xiàn)率為-36.6%。人類活動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域雨水資源利用的影響不容忽視,應(yīng)大力發(fā)展干旱半干旱區(qū)降雨-徑流調(diào)控技術(shù),提高雨水資源化利用率,以保障區(qū)域生態(tài)-經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)同可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

    Abstract:

    The rational use of rainwater resources can not only reduce the source of soil erosion, but also provide effective water supply to the local area. The Loess Plateau has less precipitation, large evaporation, and very scarce surface water resources. Therefore, the use of rainwater resources has become an important means for the Loess Plateau to deal with soil erosion, drought and water shortage. The core issue of rainwater resource utilization is to scientifically evaluate the local rainwater resource potential and its spatial and temporal distribution. For this reason, the distributed hydrological simulation technology was introduced to construct a distributed rainwater harvesting potential assessment model. It was dedicated to solving the core problems of rainwater resource utilization and evaluate the potential of local rainwater resources. The following conclusions were drawn by studying the typical Helong Region of the Loess Plateau. Under the dual influences of climate change and human activities, the surface runoff, soil water increment and the rainwater harvesting potential in Helong Region showed an upward trend after 1980s. The rainwater resources of most sub-basins in the Helong Region had a growing trend, and the rainwater resources could basically meet the water consumption under the current vegetation coverage. Climate change had a positive impact on rainwater resources with the contribution rate of 63.4% and the land use/cover change had a negative impact with the contribution rate of -36.6%. Therefore, the human activities imposed great effect on rainwater utilization pattern, and to fully develop the rainfallrunoff regulation technologies and improve the rainwater using efficiency were the key countermeasures to realize the ecology-economy synergetic development in the Loess Plateau.

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高學(xué)睿,閆程晟,王玉寶,趙西寧,趙旗,吳普特.黃土高原典型區(qū)雨水資源化潛力模擬與評(píng)價(jià)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(1):275-283. GAO Xuerui, YAN Chengsheng, WANG Yubao, ZHAO Xining, ZHAO Qi, WU Pute. Simulation and Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Typical Areas of Loess Plateau[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):275-283.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-01-10
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