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東北稻區(qū)水稻收獲秸稈處理方式綜合效果研究
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300909-03、2016YFD0300909-02)和教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計劃項(xiàng)目(IRT13039)


Comprehensive Effect of Rice Harvesting Straw Treatment Methods in Northeast Rice Region
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    摘要:

    為了研究水稻收獲秸稈處理方式對東北稻區(qū)秸稈還田效果、耕整地質(zhì)量、水稻生長和產(chǎn)量的影響,以及進(jìn)行收益綜合評價,本文根據(jù)秸稈還田的農(nóng)藝要求,結(jié)合不同秸稈處理機(jī)具,設(shè)置了3種秸稈處理方式:收獲時粉碎拋撒(CK,聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)自帶粉碎拋撒裝置)、收獲后秸稈處理1(T1,聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)自帶粉碎拋撒裝置+收獲后二次拋撒)、收獲后秸稈處理2(T2,聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)不帶粉碎拋撒裝置+收獲后粉碎拋撒),進(jìn)行了秸稈還田對比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,3種秸稈處理方式均能實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈全量還田,能夠保證正常的田間機(jī)具作業(yè)和水稻生長。其中,T2的綜合效果最優(yōu),能實(shí)現(xiàn)較好的秸稈粉碎拋撒效果和秸稈掩埋效果,有較高的水稻地上部生物量及產(chǎn)量。在秸稈粉碎拋撒質(zhì)量方面,T2與CK、T1相比,其秸稈粉碎平均長度及秸稈粉碎長度合格率均有顯著性差異,均優(yōu)于CK、T1;秸稈拋撒均勻程度顯著優(yōu)于CK,與T1無顯著性差異。在后期耕整地質(zhì)量方面,T2與CK相比,其地表以下和8cm深度以下的植被覆蓋率均有顯著性差異,均優(yōu)于CK;T2與T1相比,其地表以下植被覆蓋率有顯著性差異,8cm深度以下植被覆蓋率無顯著性差異。在水稻生長及產(chǎn)量方面,T1和T2處理的產(chǎn)量較CK分別提高1.5%和4.4%,且T2與CK達(dá)到顯著性差異。本研究結(jié)果可為東北稻區(qū)水稻秸稈處理方式及配套機(jī)具的選擇提供理論參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to clarify the effects of straw treatment on the quality of straw returning, tillage preparation, rice growth and yield in Northeast rice region, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the benefits, three straw treatment methods were set according to the agronomic requirements of straw returning and different straw treatment equipments. Specifically, three methods were as follows: chopping and spreading at harvesting (CK, combine harvester with chopper cum spreader device), straw treatment 1 after harvesting (T1, combine harvester with chopper cum spreader device + secondary spread), straw treatment 2 after harvesting (T2, combine harvester without chopper cum spreader device + chopping and spreading after harvesting). The experiment monitored the effects of different straw treatment methods on the quality of straw chopping and spreading, the quality of land preparation, the growth of rice and the yield. The experiments showed that all three straw treatment methods could achieve full amount straw returning, which could ensure normal field machinery operation and rice growth. Among them, T2 had the best comprehensive effect, which could achieve better straw chopping and spreading effect, straw burying effect, higher aboveground biomass and yield of rice. In terms of straw chopping and spreading quality, compared with CK and T1, T2 had significant differences in average straw chopping length, qualified rate of straw chopping length, and residue height. Although the unevenness of straw spreading was higher than that of T1, there was no significant difference. In terms of land preparation quality in the subsequent period, compared with CK, the vegetation coverage of T2 below the surface and below 8cm was significantly different, which was better than CK. Compared with T1, there was a significant difference in vegetation coverage below the surface, while there was no significant difference in vegetation coverage below 8cm. In terms of rice growth and yield, the yield of T1 and T2 treatment was 1.5% and 4.4% higher than that of CK, respectively, and the difference of T2 treatment reached a significant level. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of rice straw harvesting treatment methods and supporting equipment in Northeast rice region. 

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孫妮娜,董文軍,王曉燕,李洪文,孟英,魏忠彩.東北稻區(qū)水稻收獲秸稈處理方式綜合效果研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(4):69-77. SUN Nina, DONG Wenjun, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Hongwen, MENG Ying, WEI Zhongcai. Comprehensive Effect of Rice Harvesting Straw Treatment Methods in Northeast Rice Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(4):69-77.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-04-10
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