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旋轉(zhuǎn)耕作部件性能測試試驗(yàn)臺設(shè)計與應(yīng)用
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51605182)、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503136)、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0301303)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2662016QD001)


Design and Application of Performance Test Bench for Rotary Tiller Components
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有室內(nèi)土槽測控方式落后、旋耕刀輥更換不便,以及田間試驗(yàn)的土壤環(huán)境因素不可控等問題,提出了一種用于旋轉(zhuǎn)耕作部件性能測試的專用智能化測試試驗(yàn)臺,闡述了其設(shè)計原理及測控方式。試驗(yàn)臺由測試臺車及軌道系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成,測試臺車集旋耕、土壤平整、土壤壓實(shí)、耕深調(diào)節(jié)功能于一體,功能相對獨(dú)立,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)刀輥快速更換;軌道系統(tǒng)由多段拼裝而成,長度可擴(kuò)展,高度可調(diào)節(jié),位置可移動。測試臺車行走、旋耕作業(yè)及耕作深度調(diào)節(jié)均采用電力拖動方式;控制系統(tǒng)以PLC為核心,借助無線射頻LoRa通信控制技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)無線控制輸入;通過調(diào)試,測試臺車可實(shí)現(xiàn)0~1.17m/s前進(jìn)速度、0~340r/min旋耕轉(zhuǎn)速及0~30cm耕作深度的穩(wěn)定無級調(diào)節(jié)。測試系統(tǒng)集前進(jìn)速度、刀輥扭矩、刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速、刀輥功耗等多參數(shù)測試于一體,通道可擴(kuò)展,同時采用無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,傳感器數(shù)據(jù)與計算機(jī)之間采用無線連接。應(yīng)用該試驗(yàn)臺開展了旋耕刀輥功耗試驗(yàn),以前進(jìn)速度、刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速及耕作深度為因素,以功耗為指標(biāo),對普通旋耕刀輥開展了三元二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn);以螺旋橫刀刀寬、安裝角為因素,以功耗為指標(biāo),對組合旋耕刀輥進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明,所設(shè)計的旋轉(zhuǎn)耕作部件性能測試試驗(yàn)臺滿足多因素多水平的測試需求,驗(yàn)證了該試驗(yàn)臺對不同旋轉(zhuǎn)耕作部件的良好適應(yīng)性。

    Abstract:

    Multi-factor and multi-level machine-soil interaction experiment is the basis of structural design and determination of optimal working parameters for rotary tiller components. Existing indoor soil-bins have the disadvantages of backward control and measurement methods and inconveniences in replacement of blades rollers. At the same time, the problems of uncontrollable soil environmental factors exist in field experiments. In view of the above problems, a special intelligent test bench for performance test of rotary tiller components was presented, and its design principle, control mode and measurement method were expounded. The test bench consisted of a test trolley and a track system. The test bench was composed of the test trolley and the track system. The test trolley integrated the functions of rotary tillage, soil leveling, soil compaction, and tillage depth adjustment. With relatively independent functions, the test bench can realize rapid replacement of rotary blade rollers. The track system was assembled by multiple sections, for which the total length can be expanded, the height can be adjusted and the position can be moved. Electric drive mode was adopted in driving, rotary tillage, and tillage depth adjustment of the test trolley. Taking PLC as control core, radio frequency LoRa communication control technology was used to achieve wireless control input, which guaranteed the convenience in operation and maintenance of the test bench. The debugging results showed that the forward speed, rotary tillage speed and tillage depth can be adjusted continuously, which were in ranges of 0~1.17m/s, 0~340r/min and 0~30cm, respectively. Multi-measuring functions were completed in the test bench, such as forward speed, working torque, rotary speed, and power consumption. The test channels were designed to be extensible. What’s more, wireless data transmission mode was adopted to realize wireless connection between sensor data and computer. Power consumption experiments of rotary blade rollers were carried out on the test bench. Taking forward speed, rotary speed and tillage depth as the experimental factors, and power consumption as experimental index, the rotating perpendicular combination experiment was conducted on standard rotary blade roller. The effects of the three factors on power consumption were studied and the regression (equation) of the experimental index and factors was established. In addition, the comprehensive experiment was carried out on combined rotary blade roller with the index of power consumption, and the effects of width and installation angle of the helical blade were analyzed. The above experiments verified that the presented test bench can meet the requirements of multi-factor and multi-level experiment, and the good adaptability to different rotary blade components.

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曾榮,李東東,祝英豪,夏俊芳.旋轉(zhuǎn)耕作部件性能測試試驗(yàn)臺設(shè)計與應(yīng)用[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(5):88-97. ZENG Rong, LI Dongdong, ZHU Yinghao, XIA Junfang. Design and Application of Performance Test Bench for Rotary Tiller Components[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):88-97.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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