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全膜雙壟溝雙幅覆膜覆土聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51775115、51405086)、甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)伏羲青年英才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(GAUFX-03Y12)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(CARS-14-1-28)


Design and Test of Combined Operation Machine for Double Width Filming and Covering Soil on Double Ridges
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    摘要:

    為進(jìn)一步提升全膜雙壟溝覆膜種床機(jī)械化耕整作業(yè)效果與作業(yè)效率,基于全膜雙壟溝種床雙幅覆膜覆土農(nóng)藝技術(shù)栽培模式,設(shè)計(jì)全膜雙壟溝雙幅覆膜覆土聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了全膜雙壟溝種床構(gòu)建過(guò)程中的旋耕、起壟、施肥、雙幅覆膜覆土及鎮(zhèn)壓的一體化作業(yè)。在設(shè)定聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的前提下,對(duì)樣機(jī)關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與選型,確定其旋耕刀組、排肥裝置、提土-種床覆土裝置的工作參數(shù)與功耗,同時(shí)解析了刮板式提土裝置、水平雙向螺旋輸土裝置作業(yè)過(guò)程,得到滿(mǎn)足雙幅覆膜種床各部位覆土的必要條件。應(yīng)用離散單元法對(duì)提土-種床覆土裝置“提土-輸土-覆土”動(dòng)態(tài)作業(yè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析了各工作環(huán)節(jié)輸土、覆土特性,對(duì)影響覆土作業(yè)效果的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行了探討。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)全膜雙壟溝雙幅覆膜覆土聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)前進(jìn)速度為1.10m/s時(shí),采光面地膜機(jī)械破損程度為39.8mm/m2、種床膜邊覆土寬度合格率為94.5%、大壟壟體中心覆土寬度合格率為91.6%、種床覆土厚度合格率為97.5%、種床起壟高度合格率為93.2%,試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)均符合國(guó)家與行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)際作業(yè)要求,田間試驗(yàn)工況與仿真結(jié)果基本一致。

    Abstract:

    Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model in the northwest arid area of China in recent years. For further integration agronomic requirement of cultivation pattern of double width filming and covering soil on double ridges and improving the level of mechanization construction performance and efficiency of seedbed, a combined operation machine for double width filming and covering soil on double ridges was designed, which synchronously realized institutional operation once such as rotary tillage, ridging, fertilization, double width filming and covering soil and suppressing on double ridges. Based on the transmission route of combined operation machine, the key parts were designed and selected, and the operation parameters and power dissipation of rotary blades, fertilizing device and soil elevating-seedbed covering mechanism were determined. The operation process of scraper type soil lifting device and horizontal two-way spiral soil conveyer were analyzed, and the necessary work conditions to make sure that the covering soil on the all parts of double width filming seedbed were analyzed and calculated. The discrete element method was applied to simulate the device with soil elevating-seedbed covering mechanism dynamic operation process of soil elevating, transporting and covering. The characteristics of soil transporting and covering in each working link were analyzed, the related factors that affected the effect of covering soil were discussed. The field experimental results showed that under the condition of operation speed of 1.10m/s, the mechanical damage degree of day lighting surface of plastic film was 39.8mm/m2, the qualified rates of soil width covered on seedbed film edge was 94.5%, the qualified rates of soil width covered on center of large ridge was 91.6%, the qualified rates of soil depth covered on seedbed was 97.5% and the qualified rates of ridging height was 93.2%, which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements, and the experimental results met the design requirements of combined operation machine. The field test conditions was consistent with the simulation result. The research results would provide an important reference for researching and developing the supporting agricultural machinery equipment which constructed seedbed of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in northwest arid area of China.

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戴飛,張仕林,宋學(xué)鋒,趙武云,馬海軍,張鋒偉.全膜雙壟溝雙幅覆膜覆土聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(5):108-117. DAI Fei, ZHANG Shilin, SONG Xuefeng, ZHAO Wuyun, ZHAO Wuyun, MA Haijun. Design and Test of Combined Operation Machine for Double Width Filming and Covering Soil on Double Ridges[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):108-117.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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