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鹽分與有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施對(duì)土壤氮素礦化的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(51539005)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51769024)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201602049)


Effect of Salt and Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施在不同土壤鹽分水平下所產(chǎn)生的氮素礦化過程,通過室內(nèi)恒溫培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),分別在4種鹽分水平(0.46、0.98、1.55、1.97dS/m)下,以0.0895g/kg(純氮施用量與風(fēng)干土質(zhì)量比)為相同施氮總量設(shè)置5個(gè)施肥處理(有機(jī)肥占施肥比例分別為0、25%、50%、75%、100%)及1個(gè)不施肥處理,研究了不同鹽分水平下有機(jī)無機(jī)肥料配施對(duì)土壤凈氨化量、凈硝化量及凈氮礦化量的影響。結(jié)果表明,土壤鹽分含量隨有機(jī)肥施入比例的增大而減小;鹽分水平的增加對(duì)無機(jī)肥氨化作用的抑制較為強(qiáng)烈,當(dāng)土壤電導(dǎo)率小于0.98dS/m時(shí),增施有機(jī)肥會(huì)減弱鹽分對(duì)氨化作用的影響,而電導(dǎo)率升至1.55dS/m以上時(shí),則明顯延緩有機(jī)肥氨化過程,但并不會(huì)完全抑制。鹽分水平對(duì)土壤NO-3N生成速率的影響有一個(gè)閾值,當(dāng)土壤電導(dǎo)率小于0.98dS/m時(shí),隨著鹽分水平的升高,NO-3N增加速率上升;而鹽分水平繼續(xù)升高,則抑制土壤NO-3N的形成速率。相比不施肥,施肥顯著提高了各鹽分土壤凈氮礦化量,同一鹽分水平下均表現(xiàn)出無機(jī)肥施入比例越大、凈氮礦化量越大的趨勢(shì)。相較0.46dS/m,增施有機(jī)肥減小了0.98dS/m鹽分水平下各處理之間凈氮礦化量差異,而土壤電導(dǎo)率增至1.55dS/m及以上時(shí),鹽分水平對(duì)有機(jī)肥礦化過程產(chǎn)生明顯的延緩作用。綜合有機(jī)無機(jī)肥料配施對(duì)土壤鹽分及氮素礦化過程的影響,推薦不同鹽分水平下適宜的施肥模式為:50%有機(jī)肥+50%化肥(非鹽漬化土壤)、100%有機(jī)肥(輕度鹽漬化土壤)、25%有機(jī)肥+75%化肥(中度及重度鹽漬化土壤)。

    Abstract:

    Nitrogen mineralization is an important ecological process that determines ability of soil nitrogen supply. In order to provide theoretical basis for efficient fertilizer application in salinized soil, the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil net nitrification, ammonification and nitrogen mineralization under different soil salinity were determined. By laboratory aerobic incubation, under four salt levels (0.46dS/m, 0.98dS/m, 1.55dS/m and 1.97dS/m), the same amount of nitrogen of 0.0895g/kg (dry weights of pure fertilizer/dry weights of purple soil) was applied to different treatments, and five fertilization treatments (the fertilization proportion of the organic fertilizer was 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively) and one blank control were provided, which were designated as U1, U3O1, U1O1, U1O3, O1 and CK, respectively. Main conclusions were as follows: soil salt concentration was decreased with the increase of proportion of organic fertilizer applied;the increase of salt content had a strong inhibition on the amination of inorganic fertilizer. When the EC was less than 0.98dS/m, the application of organic fertilizer would reduce the effect of salt on amination, while when the EC was raised above 1.55dS/m, it would obviously delay the amination process of organic fertilizer, but it would not be completely suppressed. There was a threshold value for the effect of salinity on the formation rate of NO-3N. When the EC was less than 0.98dS/m, the increase rate of NO-3N was increased with the increase of salinity level, while the continuous increase of salinity would inhibit the formation rate of NO-3N. Compared with no fertilizer, fertilizer significantly increased the amount of net nitrogen mineralization in each salt soil, and the same salt level showed that the larger proportion of inorganic fertilizer was applied, the greater amount of net nitrogen mineralization was. Compared with the application of organic fertilizer under 0.46dS/m, the difference of net nitrogen mineralization between the treatments under 0.98dS/m salt level was decreased, while when the salt content was increased to 1.55dS/m and above, salt obviously delayed the mineralization process of organic fertilizer. It was recommended that the suitable fertilizer modes for different salt levels were as follows: non-saline soil (50% urea+50% organic fertilizer), mild saline soil (100% organic fertilizer), moderate and heavily saline soil (75% urea+25% organic fertilizer). 

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周慧,史海濱,郭珈瑋,徐昭,付小軍,李正中.鹽分與有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施對(duì)土壤氮素礦化的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(5):295-304. ZHOU Hui, SHI Haibin, GUO Jiawei, XU Zhao, FU Xiaojun, LI Zhengzhong. Effect of Salt and Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):295-304.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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