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旋轉(zhuǎn)托盤式微波真空干燥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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四川省科技廳科研項(xiàng)目(20CXRC0056)


Design and Experiments of Rotating Tray Microwave Vacuum Dryer
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)微波干燥裝置存在的物料受熱不均、熱點(diǎn)難以控制及干燥品質(zhì)劣變嚴(yán)重等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種旋轉(zhuǎn)托盤式微波真空干燥機(jī)。該機(jī)由干燥箱、控制系統(tǒng)、真空系統(tǒng)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、制冷循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和微波加熱系統(tǒng)等組成。干燥過(guò)程中,在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的作用下物料隨旋轉(zhuǎn)托架繞主軸勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),使物料受熱均勻;真空系統(tǒng)在抽真空的過(guò)程中能及時(shí)將物料蒸發(fā)出的水分抽離;采用制冷循環(huán)系統(tǒng),可保證真空泵精準(zhǔn)維持干燥腔室內(nèi)所需真空度;控制系統(tǒng)通過(guò)控制真空微調(diào)閥可使干燥室內(nèi)的干燥壓力在真空與常壓之間有規(guī)律地變化。以番木瓜為試驗(yàn)原料進(jìn)行了干燥機(jī)性能試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,旋轉(zhuǎn)托盤式微波真空干燥機(jī)性能較好,與傳統(tǒng)微波干燥方式相比,滿裝載量提高了80%,干燥時(shí)間縮短了43.8%,單位能耗降低了29.8%,且脫水量均勻度達(dá)到97%,內(nèi)外色澤一致,具有良好的干燥均勻性。所設(shè)計(jì)的干燥機(jī)可確保物料受熱均勻,提高了干燥效率和物料干燥品質(zhì)。

    Abstract:

    A rotating tray microwave vacuum (RTMV) dryer was designed to solve the problems of uneven heating of materials, difficult control of hot spots and poor dried quality. The machine was composed of drying box, control system, vacuum system, transmission system, water circulation system and heating system. In order to make the material heating uniformly, the main axis with five evenly distributed rotating bracket was placed into the microwave vacuum drying chamber and driven by a stepper motor. During the drying process, the material was rotated constantly around the main axis with a horizontal level. The vacuum system can remove the moisture evaporated from the material in time during the vacuuming process. The combination of dryer and water circulation system ensured the normal operation of vacuum pump, so as to maintain the vacuum pressure of drying chamber consistently. The control system can be divided into five modules: the main control, A/D conversion, expansion, output control and display screen. The system took the P89V51RD2FN chip as the core to control the coordination of each module, which can adjust the drying pressure in the drying room between vacuum and normal pressure precisely. The papaya was used as the material for the performance test and compared with the traditional microwave drying method. The results showed that the carrying capacity of the dryer was increased by 80% compared with the latter. And the drying time was shortened by 43.8% at the same time. The unit energy consumption of papaya slices treated by RTMV dryer was about 29.8% lower than that by the conventional way. And the dehydration uniformity reached up to 97% with consistent color distribution between inner and outer of the dried sample, showing good drying uniformity of RTMV drying technology. The designed dryer ensured the uniform heating of materials, improved the drying efficiency and guaranteed the drying quality of materials, which provided a reference for the subsequent application.

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代建武,楊升霖,XIE Yuceng,王杰,溫夢(mèng)達(dá),任領(lǐng).旋轉(zhuǎn)托盤式微波真空干燥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(5):370-376. DAI Jianwu, YANG Shenglin, XIE Yuceng, WANG Jie, WEN Mengda, REN Ling. Design and Experiments of Rotating Tray Microwave Vacuum Dryer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):370-376.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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