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無人農(nóng)場系統(tǒng)分析與發(fā)展展望
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中國工程院咨詢研究項目(2019-ZD-5-04-03)


System Analysis and Development Prospect of Unmanned Farming
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    摘要:

    隨著工業(yè)化與城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷推進,我國農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力成本日趨增高,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力逐漸減少,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的老齡化與短缺問題逐漸突顯,“機器換人”的需求日趨增加。無人農(nóng)場是采用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能、5G、智能裝備與機器人等新一代信息技術(shù),通過對設(shè)施、裝備、機械等進行遠程控制、全程自動控制或機器人自主控制,完成所有農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的一種全天候、全過程、全空間的無人化生產(chǎn)作業(yè)模式。本文系統(tǒng)地闡述了無人農(nóng)場的概念、技術(shù)架構(gòu)和發(fā)展歷程;提出并分析了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)、大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)、人工智能技術(shù)和智能裝備與機器人技術(shù)等無人農(nóng)場的四大共性關(guān)鍵技術(shù),基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)、作業(yè)裝備系統(tǒng)、測控系統(tǒng)和管控云平臺系統(tǒng)等無人農(nóng)場的四大系統(tǒng)組成,以及無人大田、無人溫室、無人果園、無人牧場和無人漁場等無人農(nóng)場的五大類型;最后,提出了我國無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展策略。

    Abstract:

    With the development of industrialization and urbanization, Chinese labor cost is gradually increasing, and the aging and shortage of agricultural labor force has become increasingly noticeable. As the traditional agricultural labor force withdraws from the first-line production, therefore, the needs for “machine substitute for man” is increasing too. Unmanned farm is a kind of all-weather, entire-process, whole-space unmanned production mode, which uses the new generation of information technology such as Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, and robot to complete farm production operations through remote automatic control of facilities, equipment, machinery or autonomous robot control. It included four parts: firstly, the concept, technical framework and three development stages of the unmanned farm were systematically introduced; secondly, four key technologies were systematically put forward: Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, intelligent equipment and robot, and four system components: infrastructure system, operation equipment system, measurement and control system and cloud management and control platform system, and five typical farm applications of the unmanned farm: unmanned fields, unmanned greenhouses, unmanned orchards, unmanned livestock farms and unmanned fisheries; finally, the forward of the development strategy of unmanned farm in China was suggested.

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李道亮,李震.無人農(nóng)場系統(tǒng)分析與發(fā)展展望[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(7):1-12. LI Daoliang, LI Zhen. System Analysis and Development Prospect of Unmanned Farming[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(7):1-12.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-07-10
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