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農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)法規(guī)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定現(xiàn)狀分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0701000)和中央級(jí)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(SR201903)


Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards
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    摘要:

    近年來(lái),我國(guó)農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)展,但相關(guān)配套的法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卻相對(duì)滯后。本文系統(tǒng)梳理了國(guó)際上主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施的組織和機(jī)構(gòu),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定目標(biāo)與主要依據(jù);闡述了日本農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)管理機(jī)構(gòu)、管理方法與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用;我國(guó)無(wú)人飛機(jī)管理、相關(guān)政策法規(guī)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)情況;我國(guó)農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)現(xiàn)有政策法規(guī),行業(yè)、地方以及團(tuán)體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定情況。提出為引領(lǐng)行業(yè)健康發(fā)展,在我國(guó)《無(wú)人駕駛航空器系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)指南》框架下,在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部主導(dǎo)建設(shè)下,各級(jí)管理機(jī)構(gòu)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織應(yīng)從產(chǎn)品(質(zhì)量)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、子部件與性能試驗(yàn)等技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、操作規(guī)范與人員培訓(xùn)等管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面繼續(xù)開(kāi)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定不局限于植保無(wú)人飛機(jī),還應(yīng)制定播種、施肥、遙感、輔助授粉等應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn);應(yīng)建立涵蓋生產(chǎn)、流通、應(yīng)用、培訓(xùn)、登記認(rèn)證等環(huán)節(jié)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)支撐管理需求。通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的科學(xué)制定與實(shí)施,進(jìn)一步規(guī)范行業(yè)發(fā)展,驅(qū)動(dòng)自主創(chuàng)新,提升農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

    Abstract:

    In recent years, industry and application of agricultural unmanned aerial system (UAS) have been expanding rapidly and greatly. However, supporting regulations and standards on agricultural UAS are relatively lagging behind. The crucial standards formulating and implementing organizations and institutions in a global view, along with standards setting goals and basis were systematically reviewed. Agricultural UAS management organization, regulations and standards application in Japan were studied in detail. Current policies and regulations of industrial and agricultural UAS in China were also introduced, along with industry development and local standards. To lead the healthy development of UAS industry in China, regulation and standardization organizations at all levels keeping on UAS standardization work were concentrated on three aspects, including product (quality) standards, technical standards such as sub components and performance tests, operation specifications and personnel training management standards. All agricultural UAS standard construction works were led by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, under the framework of Guidelines for Standardization Construction of Unmanned Aerial System. Proposed standards were not confined to plantprotection merely, which also included UAS application standards for fertilization, remote sensing, and auxiliary pollination and so on. Standards covering processes of production, circulation, application, training, registration and certification, should be established to support UAS management. Through scientific formulation and implementation of UAS standards, it would surely further regulate the industry development and drive independent innovation. Competitiveness of the agricultural UAS industry in the domestic and foreign markets would be enhanced.

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薛新宇,顧偉,徐陽(yáng),孫竹,蘭玉彬.農(nóng)用無(wú)人飛機(jī)法規(guī)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定現(xiàn)狀分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(10):1-10. XUE Xinyu, GU Wei, XU Yang, SUN Zhu, LAN Yubin. Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):1-10.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-25
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10