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軸流式全喂入花生收獲機(jī)撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(S201936-38)、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0702102)、國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)花生產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-13)


Design and Experiment of Picking-up Mechanism of Axial-flow Full-feed Peanut Harvester
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    摘要:

    受復(fù)雜作業(yè)環(huán)境及多目標(biāo)參考系影響,花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)存在撿拾落果率高、莢果破損率高、功耗比率過大等問題。通過開展不同秧蔓條件下的撿拾力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn),確定了撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與工作參數(shù)?;贐ox-Benhnken的中心組合設(shè)計(jì)理論,以機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)速、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度、彈齒間距三因素為影響因子進(jìn)行響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn),分析各因素對撿拾落果率、莢果破損率和功耗比率的影響,并對影響因素進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對撿拾落果率的影響由大到小為彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度、彈齒間距,對莢果破損率的影響由大到小為彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速、彈齒間距、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度,對功耗比率的影響由大到小為機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度、彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速、彈齒間距;最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為彈齒轉(zhuǎn)速63.62r/min、彈齒間距75.23mm及機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度1.07m/s,對應(yīng)的撿拾落果率為2.15%,莢果破損率為3.53%,撿拾功耗比率為7.92%,比優(yōu)化前分別提高了1.0、1.2、3.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

    Abstract:

    Peanut is an important oil crop and cash crop in China. With the increasing uncertainties in international agricultural trade, efficient peanut harvesting equipment are playing a key role in maintaining the safety of Chinas oil trade. Influenced by complex operation environment and multitarget reference system, the pickingup mechanism of axialflow fullfeed peanut combine harvester had the problems of high dropping rate, high damage rate and high power consumption rate. The key structural parameters and operation parameters of the picking mechanism were determined by combining theoretical analysis with field experiments. The theoretical range of the main parameters of the pickingup mechanism were established. Based on Box-Benhnkens central combination theory, responsing surface tests were carried out with three factors as influencing factors, namely, mechanism rotation speed, machine advancing speed and elastic teeth spacing. The effects of various factors on pickingup and dropping rate, damage rate and power consumption rate were analyzed and the influencing factors were optimized. The significant order of dropping rate was: mechanism rotation speed, machine forward speed, and elastic teeth spacing. The significant order of pod damage rate was mechanism rotation speed, elastic teeth spacing and machine advancing speed. The significant order of influence of power consumption ratio was machine forward speed, mechanism rotation speed and elastic teeth spacing. The optimal combination of working parameters were the mechanism rotation speed of 63.62r/min, the spacing between elastic teeth of 75.23mm and the forward speed of the machine of 1.07m/s, the corresponding dropping rate was 2.15%, pickingup loss rate was 3.53% and power consumption rate was 7.92%. The pickingup quality was improved and the harvesting cost was reduced. Results of the research could provide a reference for the perfect design of pickingup mechanism and optimization of operation parameters of axialflow peanut fullfeed harvester. The test device was based on the pickingup mechanism of axial peanut fullfeed harvester, and the test object was only “Yuhua 9327” peanut variety. It was suggested that the picking performance should be discussed in depth under the conditions of different peanut varieties and peanut harvesting equipment with different structures.

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王伯凱,顧峰瑋,于昭洋,曹明珠,王江濤,胡志超.軸流式全喂入花生收獲機(jī)撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(10):132-141. WANG Bokai, GU Fengwei, YU Zhaoyang, CAO Mingzhu, WANG Jiangtao, HU Zhichao. Design and Experiment of Picking-up Mechanism of Axial-flow Full-feed Peanut Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):132-141.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10