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密植棉稈對(duì)行鏟拔鋪放機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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塔里木大學(xué)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題項(xiàng)目(TDNG2020201)、兵團(tuán)重大科技項(xiàng)目(2018AA001/03)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300302)和兵團(tuán)重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019AB007)


Design and Experiment of Row-controlled Shoveling and Drawing Placement Machine for Cotton-stalks Based on Agronomy of Close Planting
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)采棉密植棉稈機(jī)械化對(duì)行、低耗收獲目標(biāo),融合機(jī)采棉寬窄行密植種植農(nóng)藝要求,基于對(duì)行低耗鏟切方法和反向推拔作用原理,設(shè)計(jì)了一種密植棉稈對(duì)行鏟拔鋪放機(jī)。簡(jiǎn)述了整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,結(jié)合相關(guān)作業(yè)性能要求,通過(guò)分析計(jì)算確定了對(duì)行鏟切裝置、鏟切調(diào)節(jié)裝置和齒型推拔輥的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并完成了關(guān)鍵部件的工作參數(shù)分析,確定對(duì)行鏟切裝置最小鏟傾角為5°、鏟切調(diào)節(jié)裝置鏟傾角調(diào)節(jié)范圍為5.00°~8.95°、齒型推拔輥轉(zhuǎn)速取值范圍為97.66~391.16r/min。田間試驗(yàn)表明,該機(jī)可實(shí)現(xiàn)壓、鏟、拔、鋪放棉稈等多項(xiàng)作業(yè),且具有分離泥土的功能;根據(jù)試驗(yàn)田密植棉稈根系扎根深度,調(diào)整機(jī)組使對(duì)行鏟切裝置鏟切深度約為11.5cm,此時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)鏟傾角約為7.1°,齒型推拔輥旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑為245mm;當(dāng)機(jī)組作業(yè)速度為2.76~3.39km/h、齒型推拔輥轉(zhuǎn)速為156~174r/min時(shí),該機(jī)拔凈率為90.87%~91.42%,生產(chǎn)率為0.63~0.77hm2/h,機(jī)組作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,滿足密植棉稈對(duì)行整稈鏟拔作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Mechanized harvesting of cottonstalks was the precondition of its industrial utilization on a large scale. In order to achieve the goal of rowcontrolled and lowconsumption of mechanized harvesting cottonstalks with close planting, combining the technical requirements of the agronomy of close planting with wide and narrow row of cotton, a kind of rowcontrolled shoveling and drawing placement machine for cottonstalks was designed based on the method of rowcontrolled and lowconsumption shoveling and the principle of reverse pushing and drawing. The structure and working principle of the whole machine were briefly described. Combining with the requirements of the relevant operation performances, the structural parameters of the rowcontrolled shoveling device, the adjustment device of shoveling and the pushingdrawing roller that was toothshaped were determined through theoretical analysis and calculation, and the working parameters of the key components were analyzed. It was determined that the minimum shoveling angle of the shoveling device was 5.00°, the regulation range of shoveling angle was 5.00°~8.95°, and the range of rotational speed of the pushingpulling roller with tooth type was 97.66~391.16r/min. The field test results showed that the machine could realize many operations, such as pressing, shoveling, pulling and laying cottonstalks, and had the function of separating soil. The parameters of the machine were adjusted. According to the depth of root system of cottonstalks in the test field, when the shoveling depth of the rowcontrolled shoveling device was about 11.5cm, the shoveling angle was about 7.1° and the rotational radius of the pushingpulling roller with tooth type was 245mm. When the working speed of machine was 2.76~3.39km/h and the rotating speed of the pushingpulling roller with tooth type was 156~174r/min, the pulling rate was 90.87%~91.42%, and the productivity was 0.63~0.77hm2/h. The rowcontrolled shoveling and drawing placement machine for cottonstalks had stable operation performance, which can meet the design requirements of shoveling and drawing for whole stalks based on the agronomy of close planting.

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賀小偉,劉金秀,王旭峰,徐楊,胡燦,李義博.密植棉稈對(duì)行鏟拔鋪放機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(10):142-151. HE Xiaowei, LIU Jinxiu, WANG Xufeng, XU Yang, HU Can, LI Yibo. Design and Experiment of Row-controlled Shoveling and Drawing Placement Machine for Cotton-stalks Based on Agronomy of Close Planting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):142-151.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10