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齒帶式油菜撿拾器仿形減振裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702101)和中央級科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(S201923)


Design and Experiment of Profiling and Damping Device for Rapeseed Tooth-belt Pickup
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有油菜撿拾器在復(fù)雜田塊作業(yè)時作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性低的問題,設(shè)計了一種用于鉸接式齒帶撿拾器的地面仿形減振裝置。通過建立仿形減振系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型,確定了影響地面仿形穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)與作業(yè)參數(shù)。以仿形彈簧剛度、系統(tǒng)阻尼比和撿拾器前進速度為試驗因素,以鉸接點處的峰值角度均差和仿形穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為評價指標(biāo),進行了基于響應(yīng)面法的三因素三水平Box-Benhnken組合試驗,得到影響峰值角度均差的因素影響力由大到小依次為阻尼比、彈簧剛度、前進速度,影響仿形穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)的因素影響力由大到小依次為前進速度、彈簧剛度、阻尼比。通過軟件尋優(yōu)得到角度均差和仿形穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)最小條件下的最佳參數(shù)組合為:彈簧剛度9.7N/mm、阻尼比0.38、前進速度0.95m/s,對應(yīng)的理論角度均差為2.3°、仿形穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為6.2%。田間對比試驗表明,掛接仿形減振裝置的撿拾器平均撿拾損失率4.53%,平均含雜率3.22%,分別比未掛接減振裝置的同一撿拾器降低了30.73%和27.64%,作業(yè)效果提升明顯。

    Abstract:

    Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in China. Obstruction exists in mechanized combine harvesting because of the biological characteristics of rapeseed. In recent years, the two stage-harvesting is widely adopted due to the advantages in well-adapted ability of rapeseed variety and high quality of the harvested rapeseed, but there are still some problems in the pick-up stage especially the low operation efficiency and quality due to the instability when working on the uneven terrain. Aiming at the problem of low operating stability of existing rapeseed pickers during the high-speed operation in complex fields, a profiling-damping device for articulated toothed-belt pickup was designed. By establishing the kinematic model of the profiling and vibration reduction system, the key structures and operating parameters that affected the stability of profiling were determined. And the specific parameters which could play important roles in the operation process were analyzed. The spring stiffness coefficient k, system damping ratio ξ and forward speed vf were selected as the test factors, and the variation coefficient of peak angle of hinged point was selected as the test index based on the response surface method of three factors and three levels Box-Benhnken combination test. The order of the factors affecting the average degree deviation was obtained from large to small as follows: damping ratio, stiffness coefficient and forward speed. The order of the factors affecting the stability of profiling was obtained from large to small as follows: forward speed, stiffness coefficient and damping ratio. The optimum parameter combination under the minimum average degree deviation and profiling stability variation coefficient was found as follows: stiffness coefficient of 9.7N/mm, damping ratio of 0.38 and forward speed of 0.95m/s. Field comparison tests were carried out using the approximate optimal parameters combination, the results showed that the average loss ratio of the pickup harvester with the profiling-damping device was 4.53% and the average impurity ratio was 3.22%. The loss and impurity ratio were 30.73% and 27.64% lower than the one that without the device respectively and the operation quality was significantly improved. The research results can provide references for improving the profiling and operation stability and quality.

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江濤,關(guān)卓懷,梁蘇寧,李海同,吳崇友,胡志超.齒帶式油菜撿拾器仿形減振裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(11):148-157. JIANG Tao, GUAN Zhuohuai, LIANG Suning, LI Haitong, WU Chongyou, HU Zhichao. Design and Experiment of Profiling and Damping Device for Rapeseed Tooth-belt Pickup[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):148-157.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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