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高含水率玉米橡膠復(fù)合釘齒制備與脫粒性能試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300302)


Preparation and Threshing Performance Tests of Rubber Composite Nail Teeth under Maize with High Moisture Content
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    摘要:

    為降低高含水率果穗脫粒過程中的籽粒破碎率和未脫凈率,以滿足玉米籽粒直收技術(shù)對(duì)脫粒裝置要求,改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了橡膠層與碳鋼層復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的脫粒釘齒,自制丁腈橡膠、天然橡膠和三元乙丙橡膠作為復(fù)合釘齒的外層結(jié)構(gòu)材料,并完成復(fù)合釘齒加工。采用臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)方法研究不同外層材料的復(fù)合釘齒對(duì)玉米果穗脫粒性能(籽粒破碎率和未脫凈率)和自身抗磨損性能(破損損失質(zhì)量和表層組織磨損)的影響,脫粒試驗(yàn)表明:籽粒含水率范圍為29.7%~30.5%、果穗喂入量為8~12kg/s時(shí),丁腈橡膠、天然橡膠及三元乙丙橡膠復(fù)合釘齒和傳統(tǒng)碳鋼釘齒籽粒破碎率分別為4.85%~7.27%、3.77%~6.23%、2.92%~4.88%和6.90%~10.35%,未脫凈率分別為0.41%~0.82%、0.35%~0.78%、0.30%~0.69%和0.24%~0.59%。磨損試驗(yàn)表明:由表層組織宏觀磨損可見,丁腈橡膠層溝壑痕跡明顯,且磨損破壞嚴(yán)重,三元乙丙橡膠層凹坑數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)少于天然橡膠層,兩者均未導(dǎo)致破損失效;由SEM表層微觀形貌可知,丁腈橡膠層裂紋缺陷數(shù)量最多,且組織不連續(xù),天然橡膠層孔洞削弱組織間結(jié)合力,且易疲勞失效,三元乙丙橡膠層大部分組織相對(duì)完整連續(xù),且具有較強(qiáng)抵抗外力作用。結(jié)果表明:在籽粒高含水率時(shí),橡膠復(fù)合釘齒能顯著提高玉米果穗脫粒性能,其中三元乙丙橡膠復(fù)合釘齒的脫粒與自身抗磨損的綜合性能最佳,較傳統(tǒng)碳鋼釘齒籽粒破碎率降低了52.85%~57.68%,未脫凈率與傳統(tǒng)碳鋼釘齒相近,能夠滿足玉米籽粒收獲機(jī)脫粒質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to meet the requirements of maize combine harvester for threshing device, the breakage rate and the non threshing rate of maize should be reduced in the threshing process of ear with high moisture content. The threshing nail teeth with composite structure of rubber and carbon steel layers were improved and designed. Besides NBR, NR and EPDM were self-made as the materials of outer structure of composite nail teeth. The effects of composite nail teeth in different outer materials on threshing performance of maize ears (the breakage rate and the non threshing rate of maize) and self anti-fraying performance (loss weight on damage and abrasion of surface tissue) were studied by bench tests. The results of threshing tests showed that when the moisture content of maize grain was 29.7%~30.5%, and the feed quantity of maize ear was 8~12kg/s, the breakage rates of maizes in NBR, NR, EPDM composite nail teeth and traditional carbon steel nail teeth were 4.85% to 7.27%, 3.77% to 6.23%, 2.92% to 4.88% and 6.90% to 10.35%, respectively, and the non threshing rates of maize were 0.41% to 0.82%, 0.35% to 0.78%, 0.30% to 0.69% and 0.24% to 0.59%, respectively. The results of abrasion tests showed that from the macroscopic abrasion of the surface, the gullies of the NBR layer were obvious and the abrasion of surface was serious, the number of pits in the EPDM layer was far less than that of the NR layer, neither of which led to the failure;from the microscopic morphology of the surface based on SEM, the number of cracks in the NBR layer was the most and the structure was discontinuous, and the holes in the NR layer weakened the combination between the tissues. Most of the structures of EPDM were relatively complete and continuous and had strong resistance to external forces. The comprehensive results showed that under the high moisture content of maize grain, rubber composite nail teeth could significantly improve the threshing performance of ear, among which EPDM composite nail teeth had the best comprehensive effects in threshing and self anti-fraying performance, the breakage rate of maize was 52.85%~57.68% lower than that of traditional carbon steel nail teeth, and the non threshing rate of maize was similar to that of traditional carbon steel nail teeth, meeting the requirements of technical specifications for threshing quality evaluation of maize harvester.

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李義博,姜建軍,徐楊,崔濤,蘇媛,喬夢(mèng)夢(mèng).高含水率玉米橡膠復(fù)合釘齒制備與脫粒性能試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(11):158-167. LI Yibo, JIANG Jianjun, XU Yang, CUI Tao, SU Yuan, QIAO Mengmeng. Preparation and Threshing Performance Tests of Rubber Composite Nail Teeth under Maize with High Moisture Content[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):158-167.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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