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甜菜收獲機齒板式切頂裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701200)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51505246、51775290)


Design Optimization and Experiment of Tooth-plate Topping Device of Sugar Beet Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對甜菜機械化收獲切頂過程中存在的漏切、少切及塊根損傷等問題,研究了一種齒板式甜菜切頂裝置。對切頂過程中甜菜進行受力分析,明確了切頂裝置運動的隨機特性及其關(guān)鍵影響因素。結(jié)合切頂裝置的工作原理及運動空間,確定了仿形器的連架桿為300mm、連桿為220mm、齒板間距為40mm、限位板高度為100mm、超前量為25mm、安裝角為45°。根據(jù)切頂器工作的特殊位置點,確定了齒板的輪廓曲線,提高了切頂裝置的工作適應(yīng)性。借助Design-Expert軟件進行試驗設(shè)計及數(shù)據(jù)處理,獲得切頂裝置各因素與評價指標的數(shù)學(xué)回歸模型,明確了前進速度、彈簧力對切頂合格率、多切率的影響規(guī)律,并確定了較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合。進行了田間試驗驗證,結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)前進速度為1.0m/s、彈簧力為23N時,甜菜切頂合格率為99.6%,比平板式切頂裝置提高6個百分點,多切率為0.95%,比平板式切頂裝置降低1.15個百分點,符合甜菜切頂收獲指標要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems that the existing topping device has high requirements on the shape of green head, tassel leaf state and plant spacing, and poor adaptability, etc., a tooth-plate beet topping device was studied. Through the analysis of the motion characteristics of the beet topping device, the stochastic characteristics of the motion of topping device and key influencing factors of the stress of sugar beet were clarified. Combining the working principle and movement space of the topping device, the key structure and parameters were determined to ensure the smooth top surface and low resistance. The connecting rod of the profiler was determined to be 300mm, the connecting rod was 220mm, the pitch of tooth plate was 40mm, the height of limit plate was 80mm, the lead distance was 25mm and the installation angle was 45°. According to the special position of the top cutter, the contour curve of the tooth plate was determined, and the working adaptability of the topping device was improved. With the help of Design-Expert software, a mathematical regression model of the key factors and evaluation indicators was obtained, and the influence law of forward speed and spring force on the pass rate and multi-cut rate was determined. Through parameter index optimization, the optimal parameter combination was determined: the forward speed was 1.0m/s, and the spring force was 23N. Field tests showed that tooth-plate topping device was better than the flat cutting device,the pass rate was 99.6%, and the multi-cutting rate was 0.95%, which met the requirements of the beet topping harvest index.

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王方艷,張振宇,張欽,王欣.甜菜收獲機齒板式切頂裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(11):168-175. WANG Fangyan, ZHANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Qin, WANG Xin. Design Optimization and Experiment of Tooth-plate Topping Device of Sugar Beet Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):168-175.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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