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搖枝式油茶果采摘機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702105)


Design and Experiment of Shaking-branch Fruit Picking Machine for Camellia Fruit
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    摘要:

    針對油茶果機械化采摘漏采率高、損傷率大的問題,設(shè)計了一款搖枝式油茶果采摘機。根據(jù)搖枝式采摘工作原理,完成了關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,計算分析了采摘頭夾持油茶枝的夾持力,對油茶枝和油茶果振動過程進行力學(xué)分析,建立力學(xué)方程并求解。結(jié)果表明,夾持油茶枝時最大壓力為2826N,振動對樹枝產(chǎn)生的徑向力約為57.5N、法向力約為78.2N,夾持和振動都不會對枝條造成損傷。為保證采摘機安全性,對橫梁架進行了靜力學(xué)分析,經(jīng)計算其彎曲變形為0.0005mm,遠(yuǎn)小于最大許用彎曲撓度。設(shè)計了四因素三水平正交試驗,結(jié)果表明,最佳作業(yè)參數(shù)組合為:采摘裝置的采摘時間10s、電機輸出頻率35Hz、采摘頭的振幅5cm及采摘爪的夾持位置(夾持油茶枝的夾持中心到油茶樹冠層距離)10~20cm,此時油茶果采凈率為95.2%,花苞損傷率為17.2%。對搖枝式油茶果采摘機進行了田間試驗,對枝條的損傷基本符合采摘要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of high leakage rate and large damage rate in mechanized picking of camellia fruit, a shaking-branch picker for camellia fruit was designed. According to the working principle of shaking-branch picking, the structural design of the key component crank connecting rod slider was completed. According to the working principle of the picking machine, the pressure when the picking head clamped the camellia branch was calculated and analyzed, and the vibration process of the camellia branch and fruit was analyzed and the equation was established. The results showed that the maximum pressure during clamping camellia branch was 2826N, and the radial force generated by the vibration on the branches was about 57.5N, and the normal force was about 78.2N. Clamping and vibration would not cause damage to the branches, verifying the feasibility of the shaking branch picking method. In order to ensure the safety of the picking machine, the statics analysis of the beam frame showed that its bending deformation was 0.0005mm, which was far less than the maximum allowable bending deflection, verified the safety and feasibility of the picking machine. According to the factors affecting the shedding of camellia fruit, a four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was designed, and the combination of operating parameters with the highest net extraction rate was obtained. The picking time of the picking device was 10s, the output frequency of the motor was 35Hz, the amplitude of the picking head was 5cm, and the clamping position of the picking claw (the distance between the blessing center of the camellia branches and the canopy of the camellia tree) was between 10cm and 20cm. At this time, the net harvest rate of camellia fruit was 95.2%, and the flower bud damage rate was 17.2%. In addition, a field experiment was carried out on the shaking-branch camellia fruit picking machine, and the damage to the branches basically met the picking requirements.

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伍德林,傅立強,曹成茂,李超,徐艷平,丁達.搖枝式油茶果采摘機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(11):176-182,195. WU Delin, FU Liqiang, CAO Chengmao, LI Chao, XU Yanping, DING Da. Design and Experiment of Shaking-branch Fruit Picking Machine for Camellia Fruit[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):176-182,195.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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