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花椰菜缽苗移栽機栽植機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗
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云南省重大科技專項(2018ZC001)、云南省教育廳項目(2016ZZX048)和云南省高校工程研究中心建設(shè)計劃項目


Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Cauliflower Pot Seedling Transplanter
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    摘要:

    針對云南省丘陵山區(qū)地形特點和坡耕地條件下的作業(yè)環(huán)境,設(shè)計了一種雙曲柄五桿式花椰菜缽苗移栽機栽植機構(gòu)。通過對移栽機五桿機構(gòu)的分析,確定了五桿機構(gòu)各桿件長度,并基于線性獨立矢量法得到滿足五桿機構(gòu)慣性力平衡條件的各桿件質(zhì)量矩;結(jié)合Matlab軟件圖像處理功能設(shè)計了與缽苗輪廓相匹配的打孔器;應用RecurDyn與ANSYS仿真軟件,對栽植機構(gòu)栽植軌跡和打孔器結(jié)構(gòu)強度進行了分析;采用高速攝像驗證了栽植機構(gòu)的栽植軌跡。根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果,進行了栽植機構(gòu)栽植性能臺架試驗,以臺架前進速度、栽植頻率和入土深度為試驗因素,建立了栽植合格率、露苗率和株距變異系數(shù)的數(shù)學模型,采用響應曲面法優(yōu)化得到了最佳工作組合,即臺架前進速度0.4~0.54m/s,栽植頻率50~68株/min,入土深度10cm時,栽植合格率大于90%,露苗率小于5%,株距變異系數(shù)小于5%。設(shè)置花椰菜缽苗移栽機機組的前進速度為0.52m/s,花椰菜缽苗的栽植頻率為61株/min,打孔器入土深度控制在10cm,進行田間試驗,結(jié)果表明,花椰菜缽苗的栽植合格率為91.67%,露苗率為3.33%,株距變異系數(shù)為4.17%,滿足花椰菜缽苗移栽農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    According to the topographic characteristics of Yunnan hilly and mountainous areas and the working environment under sloping farmland conditions, a double-crank five-bar cauliflower pot seedling transplanter planting mechanism was designed. Through the analysis of the five-bar mechanism of the transplanter, the length of each member of the five-bar mechanism was determined, and the mass moment of each member that met the inertial force balance condition of the five-bar mechanism was obtained based on the linear independent vector method. Combining the image processing function of Matlab software to design a punch that matched the contour of the pot seedling. The RecurDyn and ANSYS simulation software was used, and the planting trajectory of the planting mechanism and the structural strength of the punch were analyzed. High-speed photography was used to verify the planting trajectory of the five-bar mechanism. According to the simulation results, the planting performance bench test of the planting mechanism was carried out. Taking the advancement speed of the bench, planting frequency and soil depth as experimental factors, a mathematical model of the planting qualification rate, the rate of exposed seedlings and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was established. Response surface method was used to optimize, the best working combination was obtained as follows: the advancement speed of the platform was 0.4~0.54m/s, the planting frequency was 50~68 plants/min, and when the soil depth was 10cm, the planting qualification rate was greater than 90% and the seedling exposed rate was less than 5%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 5%. Set the forward speed of the cauliflower pot seedling transplanter unit to 0.52m/s, the planting frequency of cauliflower pot seedlings was 61 plants/min, and the penetration depth of the puncher was controlled at 10cm. The filed test was carried out. The results showed that the cauliflower pot seedlings were planted. The qualified rate was 91.67%, the seedling exposed rate was 3.33%, and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 4.17%, which met the agronomic requirements for cauliflower pot seedling transplanting.

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于英杰,秦偉,賴慶輝,張海軍.花椰菜缽苗移栽機栽植機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(s1):102-112. YU Yingjie, QIN Wei, LAI Qinghui, ZHANG Haijun. Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Cauliflower Pot Seedling Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):102-112.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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