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玉米空間分層施肥裝置結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600)


Structure Optimization and Experiment of Corn Layered Fertilization Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米分層施肥作業(yè)中開(kāi)溝寬度大、回土效果差導(dǎo)致的肥料分層效果不明顯、各層肥量難以控制等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種各層肥量可調(diào)的空間分層施肥裝置,肥料可在土壤中形成半包圍種子的分布狀態(tài)。通過(guò)理論分析和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定了空間分層施肥裝置的基本結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),明確了影響分層施肥裝置內(nèi)肥料顆粒運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要因素。運(yùn)用離散元法對(duì)分層施肥裝置工作過(guò)程進(jìn)行仿真分析,選取施肥調(diào)節(jié)片前端寬度、后端寬度和安裝角為試驗(yàn)因素,以上層和中層排肥口出肥量為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合仿真試驗(yàn),建立了試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)與影響因素的回歸模型,仿真結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)施肥調(diào)節(jié)片前端寬度為3.61mm,后端寬度為21.52mm,安裝角為43.23°時(shí),上、中、下3層排肥口施肥量比例為最佳施肥比例3∶3∶4。為驗(yàn)證仿真分析結(jié)果,在不同作業(yè)速度和不同施肥量條件下,進(jìn)行了空間分層施肥裝置的樣機(jī)性能試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,空間分層施肥裝置能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)各層肥量的目標(biāo)施肥配比,在不同作業(yè)速度和不同施肥量下各層施肥量變異系數(shù)不大于4.3%,各層肥料深度誤差在10mm以內(nèi),各層肥料橫向距離誤差在6mm以內(nèi),工作性能穩(wěn)定。

    Abstract:

    The layered fertilization technology could apply the fertilizer required for the entire growth of corn into the soil in specific ratio, which can not only improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also reduce operating procedures, improve operating efficiency, save input and increase efficiency. Aiming at the problems of non-obviously effect of fertilizer layering and difficult-controlling for amount of fertilizer in each layer, which because of the large ditch width and poor soil returning effect, a spatial layered fertilization device with adjustable fertilizer amount in each layer was designed. A semi-enclosed seed distribution was formed in the soil by using this kind of device. The basic structural parameters of the spatial layered fertilization device and the main factors that affected the movement of fertilizer particles in the layered fertilization device was obtained through theoretical analysis and design calculations. The discrete element method was used to simulate the working process of the layered fertilization device. The front-end width, rear-end width and installation angle of fertilization adjustment piece was selected as test factors, and the amount of fertilizer discharged of the upper and middle fertilizer outlets was taken as the experiment indicators for a quadratic-regression orthogonal combination simulation test. A regression model of experiment index was established and influencing factors were obtained. The simulation results showed that the fertilizer application ratio of the upper, middle and lower three-layer fertilizer outlets was the best fertilization ratio as 3∶3∶4, while the front-end width of the fertilization adjustment piece, rear-end width and installation angle was 3.61mm, 21.52mm and 43.23°, respectively. In order to verify the results of the simulation analysis, the prototype performance test of the spatial layered fertilization device was carried out at different operating speeds and fertilization amounts. The test results showed that the spatial layered fertilization device could meet the target fertilization ratio of each layer. The coefficient of variation of fertilizer amount of each layer at different operating speeds and fertilization amounts, depth error of each layer and the horizontal distance error of each layer was within 4.3%, 10mm and 6mm, respectively. The field experiment also showed a stable working performance by using spatial layered fertilization device.

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楊慶璐,黃幸媛,王慶杰,李洪文,王英博,王攬?jiān)?玉米空間分層施肥裝置結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s1):175-185. YANG Qinglu, HUANG Xingyuan, WANG Qingjie, LI Hongwen, WANG Yingbo, WANG Lanyue. Structure Optimization and Experiment of Corn Layered Fertilization Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):175-185.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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