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基于卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的蓖麻種子損傷分類研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51475312)


Classification of Castor Seed Damage Based on Convolutional Neural Network
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    摘要:

    不同形式的機械損傷對蓖麻種子發(fā)芽生長和榨油后的蓖麻油質(zhì)量影響不同,因此對產(chǎn)生機械損傷的蓖麻種子進(jìn)行識別分類非常重要。提出了基于卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的蓖麻種子損傷分類算法。以種殼缺失、裂紋和完整蓖麻種子(無損傷)的分類為例,構(gòu)建了蓖麻種子訓(xùn)練集和測試集,搭建2個卷積層(每個卷積層8個卷積核)、2個池化層和1個全連接層(128個節(jié)點),實現(xiàn)分類。為提高分類的準(zhǔn)確性和實時性,調(diào)整網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)以及優(yōu)化批量尺寸參數(shù),得到較優(yōu)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和批量尺寸;利用上下左右翻轉(zhuǎn)擴充樣本,改變優(yōu)化器、學(xué)習(xí)率以及正則化系數(shù)對該網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行組合試驗,獲得準(zhǔn)確率及效率較優(yōu)的組合。通過Dropout優(yōu)化減小卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的過擬合。試驗結(jié)果表明:卷積層為5層、池化層為5層、批量尺寸為32時,該網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型平均測試準(zhǔn)確率為92.52%。在組合試驗中,Sgdm優(yōu)化器更新網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類性能;數(shù)據(jù)擴增可以增加樣本的多樣性,減小過擬合現(xiàn)象;通過Dropout優(yōu)化卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的過擬合;選擇學(xué)習(xí)率為0.01,正則化系數(shù)為0.0005時,模型分類準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到94.82%,其中種殼缺失蓖麻種子準(zhǔn)確率為95.60%,裂紋蓖麻種子準(zhǔn)確率為93.33%,完整蓖麻種子準(zhǔn)確率為95.51%,平均檢測單粒蓖麻種子的時間為0.1435s。最后,開發(fā)蓖麻種子損傷分類系統(tǒng),驗證結(jié)果為:種殼缺失蓖麻種子的準(zhǔn)確率為96.67%,裂紋蓖麻種子的準(zhǔn)確率為80.00%,完整蓖麻種子的準(zhǔn)確率為86.67%。該卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型在損傷蓖麻種子分類時具有較高的識別準(zhǔn)確率,可在蓖麻種子在線實時分類的檢測系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用。

    Abstract:

    Different forms of mechanical damage affect the germination and growth of castor seeds and the quality of castor oil after oil extraction. Therefore, it is very important to identify and classify castor seeds with mechanical damage. The classification of castor seeds with seed shells missing and castor seeds with cracks and intact castor seeds (without damage) was taken as an example. The training set and test set of castor seeds were constructed, which included two convolutional layers (eight convolution nuclei per convolutional layer), two pooling layers and one full connecting layer (128 nodes). In order to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the convolutional neural network, the network structure was adjusted and the batch_size parameters were optimized to obtain better network structure and batch_size. The sample was expanded by turning up and down, and the learning rate and regularization coefficient of the optimizer were changed to conduct a combination test on the network, so as to obtain a combination with better accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the over-fitting of the convolutional neural network model was reduced through Dropout optimization. The experimental results showed that the average test accuracy of the network model was 92.52% when the convolution layer was 5, pooling layers was 5 and the batch_size was 32. In combination test, the Sgdm optimizer can improve the classification performance of the network by updating the network. Data amplification can increase the diversity of samples and thus reduce the over-fitting phenomenon. After the over-fitting of the convolutional neural network model was reduced by Dropout optimization, the average test accuracy of the convolutional model was 93.45%, which was 0.93 percentage points higher than that before optimization. When the learning rate was 0.01 and the regularization coefficient was 0.0005, the classification accuracy of the model could reach 94.82% after dropout optimization. The accuracy of missing seed shell castor seeds was 95.60%, the accuracy rate of cracked castor seeds was 93.33%, the accuracy rate of intact castor seeds was 95.51%, and the average detection time of a single castor seed image was 0.1435s. Finally, the system for castor seeds damage classification was developed. The results of verification of the algorithm showed that the accuracy of seed shell missing castor seeds was 96.67%, that of cracked castor seeds was 80.00%, and that of complete castor seeds was 86.67%. The combined test convolutional neural network model had a high recognition accuracy in the classification of damaged castor seeds, and the convolutional model can be applied to the detection system for the real-time classification of castor seeds.

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侯俊銘,姚恩超,朱紅杰.基于卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的蓖麻種子損傷分類研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(s1):440-449. HOU Junming, YAO Enchao, ZHU Hongjie. Classification of Castor Seed Damage Based on Convolutional Neural Network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):440-449.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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