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玉米收獲機(jī)激振摘穗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(ZR2017MEE050)和山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YF004)


Design and Experiment of Corn Harvester Vibration Picking Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)當(dāng)前玉米果穗收獲存在損傷大、效率低的問題,在原來(lái)激振摘穗技術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從激振輥夾持果柄實(shí)現(xiàn)激振波有效傳遞入手,結(jié)合激振摘穗實(shí)現(xiàn)果-莖分離的條件,開發(fā)了基于橢圓截面的新型摘穗裝置,確定了該型摘穗輥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法;根據(jù)激振摘穗過程中產(chǎn)生的激振波波形確定了橢圓激振輥的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),建立了橢圓激振摘穗試驗(yàn)臺(tái);通過正交試驗(yàn)確定了影響摘穗質(zhì)量(果穗啃傷率、落粒率和莖稈折斷率)的主次因素依次為激振輥長(zhǎng)短徑之比、激振輥基圓直徑、摘穗輥轉(zhuǎn)速;確定了較優(yōu)組合,即當(dāng)激振輥長(zhǎng)短徑之比為0.7、激振輥基圓直徑為7.5cm、摘穗輥轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min時(shí),果穗啃傷率為0.38%,落粒率為0.12%,莖稈折斷率為0.49%,均低于國(guó)家玉米收獲機(jī)械技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。在較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明激振輥長(zhǎng)短徑之比為0.7、激振輥基圓直徑為7.5cm、摘穗輥轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min時(shí),果穗啃傷率為0.39%,落粒率為0.12%,莖稈折斷率為0.48%,與前期試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本保持一致。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of high damage and low efficiency in corn ear harvesting, based on the original research of vibration picking technology, a new type of ear picking device based on elliptical crosssection was developed. Based on the conditions of vibration picking to realize the effective transmission of vibration waved by clamping the fruit handle with the excitation roller, the determination method of the structural parameters of this type of ear picking roller was determined and an elliptical vibration testbed was established. Through the orthogonal test, the main and secondary factors affecting the ear gnawing rate, threshing rate and stem breaking rate were determined as follows: the ratio of the long and short diameter of the exciting roller, the rotation speed of the snapping roller and the diameter of the base circle of the exciting roller. The better combination was determined, that was, the ratio of the long and short diameter of the exciting roller was 0.7, the diameter of the base circle of the exciting roller was 7.5cm, and the rotation speed of the stripping roller was 1000r/min, the ear gnawing rate was 0.38%, the seed dropping rate was 0.12%, and the stalk breaking rate was 0.49%, which were all lower than the requirements of the national corn harvesting machinery technical standards. The experimental verification was carried out under the optimal combination of parameters. The results showed that the ratio of short length to diameter of exciting roller was 0.7, the diameter of base circle of exciting roller was 7.5cm, the rotation speed of snapping roller was 1000r/min, the rate of ear gnawing was 0.39%, the rate of falling grain was 0.12%, and the rate of stalk breaking was 0.48%. The test results showed that the results were basically consistent with the previous test results. 

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紀(jì)曉琦,耿端陽(yáng),姚艷春,杜鵑,朱俊科,徐海港.玉米收獲機(jī)激振摘穗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s2):126-133. JI Xiaoqi, GENG Duanyang, YAO Yanchun, DU Juan, ZHU Junke, XU Haigang. Design and Experiment of Corn Harvester Vibration Picking Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):126-133.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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