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玉米清選裝置結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700101)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51805536)


Optimization Design and Experiment of Corn Cleaning Device
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    摘要:

    針對目前玉米籽粒直收機(jī)的清選裝置存在籽粒損失率和含雜率偏高、傳統(tǒng)試驗受季節(jié)性影響大等問題,基于CASE 4099型聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)清選系統(tǒng),搭建玉米脫粒清選試驗平臺,設(shè)計了一種豎式可調(diào)節(jié)分風(fēng)板,并采用數(shù)學(xué)建模、仿真模擬和試驗驗證相結(jié)合的方法對清選裝置作業(yè)性能進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。建立籽粒在振動篩上運(yùn)動過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了振動篩傾角、振幅、頻率、振動方向角和風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)力與振動篩篩面夾角等因素與籽粒在振動篩上平均運(yùn)動速度和移動距離的關(guān)系;對清選裝置內(nèi)部流場風(fēng)速分布進(jìn)行仿真和試驗,仿真結(jié)果表明,分風(fēng)板左或右偏18°時,流場中風(fēng)速分布均勻,在垂直方向上差值較小,驗證試驗結(jié)果表明,分風(fēng)板右偏18°時流場內(nèi)各測量點風(fēng)速分布均勻,適于籽粒與雜質(zhì)分離,清選效果較好;以振動篩轉(zhuǎn)速、風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速為主要影響因素,以籽粒損失率、含雜率為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行正交試驗,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)振動篩曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速為275r/min、風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速900r/min為最優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)組合,損失率和含雜率分別為1.34%、1.66%。

    Abstract:

    With the demand of modern agricultural production, corn direct grain harvesting has become the inevitable way to achieve efficient harvest. Cleaning process as an important part of corn direct grain harvesting equipment affects the operation performance of whole machine. Aiming at the problems of high grain loss rate and impurity rate in cleaning mechanism of corn combine harvester, and seasonal influence on traditional test, the method of mathematical modeling, simulation and experiment verification were used to optimize the operation performance and the structure design of cleaning device. Based on cleaning system of CASE 4099 combine harvester, a corn threshing and cleaning test platform was built. The cleaning device mainly included upper sieve, lower sieve, tossing board, tail sieve, crank mechanism, fan, motor and so on. The vibrating sieve selected fish scale sieve and adopted doublelayer asynchronous cleaning operation. The mathematical model of movement process of grain on vibrating sieve was established to obtain the change law of main factors affecting on the cleaning effect, and the change law of the average movement speed and movement distance of grain on vibrating sieve were analyzed considering factors such as inclination angel of vibrating sieve, amplitude of vibrating sieve, rotational speed of crank mechanism driving vibrating sieve, angle between vibrating direction of mixture and sieve surface, angle between wind force of fan and sieve surface. In order to improve the cleaning performance, a vertical adjustable air separated board was designed, mainly including support rod, adjusting rod and regulating handle, the internal flow field velocity distribution could be changed by adjusting inclination angle of air separated board, and optimized the performance of cleaning device. Based on corn threshing and cleaning test platform, the experiment was carried out. The flow field inside cleaning device was divided into three layers by boundary of vibrating sieve surface, each layer selected 20 (4 crosses × 5 columns) wind speed measurement points for data collection. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology was used to determine the optimum inclination angle of air separated board slanted at left or right 18°, in this condition, the wind velocity distribution in flow field was uniform, the wind speed change in vertical direction was the smallest, it was advantageous to cleaning operation. To verify the effect of adjustable air separated board, the test results showed that wind speed at each measurement point was uniform distribution and longitudinal gradient of flow field was small when air separated board slanted at right 18°, which was consistent with simulation results. The orthogonal experiment was carried out with vibrating sieve rotation speed and rotation speed of drive motor of fan as main influencing factors, while grain loss rate and impurity rate as indexes. The results showed that when rotational speed of crank mechanism of vibrating screen was 275r/min and rotation speed of drive motor of fan was 900r/min as the optimal working parameter combination, the loss rate and impurity rate were 1.34% and 1.66%, respectively.

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栗曉宇,杜岳峰,牛興成,遲瑞娟,毛恩榮.玉米清選裝置結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(s2):233-242. LI Xiaoyu, DU Yuefeng, NIU Xingcheng, CHI Ruijuan, MAO Enrong. Optimization Design and Experiment of Corn Cleaning Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):233-242.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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