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植保無人機(jī)下洗氣流對作物冠層作用規(guī)律研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0701000)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(SR201903)


Effect of Plant Protection UAVs Downwash on Crop Canopy
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    摘要:

    植保無人機(jī)作業(yè)過程中,旋翼下洗氣流不僅會對霧滴沉積效果產(chǎn)生影響,還會對作物冠層產(chǎn)生擾動作用。揭示冠層擾動區(qū)域的特點,有助于理解無人機(jī)作業(yè)特征,可為優(yōu)化霧滴沉積效果和施藥系統(tǒng)提供理論依據(jù)。本文通過航拍方法和機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)研究了無人機(jī)下洗氣流對作物冠層的影響。結(jié)果表明:單旋翼和多旋翼無人機(jī)下洗氣流所引起的作物冠層擾動區(qū)域特征有明顯差異。懸停時,單旋翼無人機(jī)的冠層擾動區(qū)域呈環(huán)狀,面積較大;多旋翼無人機(jī)呈圓形,面積較小。作業(yè)時,因受機(jī)身不對稱結(jié)構(gòu)影響,單旋翼無人機(jī)前進(jìn)和倒退兩種飛行姿態(tài)的冠層擾動區(qū)域特征有所不同,前進(jìn)時,冠層擾動區(qū)域面積小且不規(guī)則,倒退時,擾動區(qū)域面積較大且呈U狀分布包裹機(jī)頭;多旋翼無人機(jī)2種飛行姿態(tài)下冠層擾動區(qū)域面積和形狀基本一致。作業(yè)速度對冠層擾動區(qū)域特征有顯著影響。速度低時,擾動區(qū)域較為集中,呈近似橢圓形分布,植株擺動劇烈;速度高時,下洗氣流掃掠而過,擾動區(qū)域呈長條狀分布,植株擺動很小。當(dāng)P20型植保無人機(jī)速度為3、4、5、6m/s時,冠層擾動區(qū)域平均滯后距離分別為1.77、2.71、3.61、4.31m。擾動區(qū)域滯后距離和無人機(jī)飛行速度成正比,對兩者關(guān)系進(jìn)行回歸分析,得出決定系數(shù)R2為0.8754。此外,速度越大,下洗氣流對自然風(fēng)的抵抗作用越弱,冠層擾動區(qū)域位置不穩(wěn)定,不利于抑制霧滴漂移。

    Abstract:

    During the spraying application of plant protection UAV, the rotor downwash will not only affect the droplet deposition, but also cause disturbance to the crop canopy. Revealing the characteristics of the canopy disturbing area is helpful to understand the application characteristics of the UAV, and can also provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the droplet deposition effect and the UAV spraying system. The effects of UAVs downwash on crop canopy were studied by the methods of aerial photography and machine vision technology. The results showed that there were significant differences in the characteristics of the crop canopy disturbing area caused by the single-rotor and multi-rotor UAVs downwash. Under a hovering situation the single-rotor UAV had a ring-shaped disturbing area with a large size, the multi-rotor UAV had a circular shape with a small size. Due to the influence of the asymmetrical structure of the UAV body, the disturbing area characteristics for the forward and backward movement attitudes of the single-rotor UAV were different. When advancing, this area was small and irregular, while moving backward it was large and distributed in a U-shape. Under the two flight modes, the multi-rotor UAV was basically the same in terms of size and shape of canopy disturbing area. Moreover, the flight speed had a significant effect on the characteristics of the canopy disturbing area. When UAV flying with a low speed, this area was more concentrated with a nearly circular distribution, and the plants were swung heavily;when operating with a high speed, the downwash was swept over crop canopy and the disturbing area was distributed in a strip shape, and the plants were swung lightly. As for the P20 plant protection UAV, when the flight speed was increased from 3m/s to 6m/s, the average lag distance of the canopy disturbing area was 1.77m, 2.71m, 3.61m and 4.31m, respectively. The lag distance of disturbing area was proportional to the flight speed of the UAV. In addition, the faster the speed was, the weaker the resistance of the downwash was to natural wind, which was not conducive to contain the droplets drift, and the position of the canopy disturbing area was unstable. Based on the research results, it was pointed out that plant protection UAV rotor downwash can only effectively promote the droplet penetration under the premise of the low operating speed and the overlap of the position for droplet deposition and canopy disturbing area.

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田志偉,薛新宇,徐陽,楊風(fēng)波,孫竹.植保無人機(jī)下洗氣流對作物冠層作用規(guī)律研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(1):40-48. TIAN Zhiwei, XUE Xinyu, XU Yang, YANG Fengbo, SUN Zhu. Effect of Plant Protection UAVs Downwash on Crop Canopy[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):40-48.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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