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撥禾鏈?zhǔn)接涂钆_(tái)靜態(tài)滑切角恒定切割器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0702104)


Design and Test of Static Sliding Cut Angle Constant Cutting Machine for Chain Oil Sunflower Harvester Header
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)油葵缺乏適用切割器的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了撥禾鏈?zhǔn)接涂钆_(tái)切割器。在闡述撥禾鏈?zhǔn)接涂钆_(tái)切割器結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)滑切角恒定刀刃進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),確定了影響切割性能的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)與工作參數(shù)。對(duì)切割過程中植株受力和植株滑切過程功耗進(jìn)行分析,確定了滑切角的選用范圍;對(duì)割刀運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡進(jìn)行分析,明確了割刀轉(zhuǎn)速范圍;對(duì)植株幾何切割位置進(jìn)行分析,推導(dǎo)得出割刀安裝位置范圍。通過單因素試驗(yàn)得出,在滑切角為50°~70°、割刀轉(zhuǎn)速為750~1050r/min、相對(duì)位置為100~300mm范圍內(nèi)時(shí),切割器功耗低、落粒損失率小。通過二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn),構(gòu)建了轉(zhuǎn)速、滑切角、相對(duì)位置與功耗、落粒損失率的回歸方程,優(yōu)化得出較優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)為:滑切角61°、轉(zhuǎn)速750r/min、相對(duì)位置180mm,此時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)功耗最小值為64.08W,落粒損失率最小值為1.24%。為了驗(yàn)證該參數(shù)組合的準(zhǔn)確性,進(jìn)行了臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,實(shí)際切割功耗為66.12W,實(shí)際落粒損失率為1.28%,與預(yù)測(cè)值的誤差在5%以內(nèi),該切割器滿足油葵低損失切割要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the lack of suitable harvesting machinery for oil sunflower, the design and test of cutting machine for chain oil sunflower harvesting head were carried out. On the basis of expounding the structure and working principle of the cutter of chain oil sunflower cutting table, a rotary sawing blade was developed which had constant static slip angle and designed by using the mathematical equation of logarithmic helix, and the key structure and working parameters affecting the cutting performance were determined. The power consumption model of the sliding cutting process was analyzed to determine the selection range of the sliding cutting angle;the cutter’s track was analyzed, the speed range was defined. Based on the analysis of geometric cutting position of plant, the range of installation position of cutting knife was deduced. The result was obtained by single factor experiment under the condition that the slip angle was 50°~70°, the cutting speed was 750~1050r/min and the relative position was 100~300mm, the cutting power consumption was low and grain loss rate was less. The regression equations of the relationship between rotational speed, slip angle, relative position, and real-time power consumption and overall grain loss rate were constructed by quadratic orthogonal rotation test. By solving the regression equation, the optimum parameters were obtained as follows: the slip angle was 61°, the rotational speed was 750r/min and the relative distance was 180mm. At this point, the corresponding minimum power consumption value was 64.08W, and the grain loss rate was 1.24%. In order to verify the accuracy of optimal parameter combination, a bench test was carried out, experimental results showed that the actual cutting power consumption was 66.12W, the actual drop loss rate was 1.28%, the absolute error between the actual value and the predicted value was less than 5%, and the cutter met the requirements of low loss cutting of oil sunflower.

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劉羊,黃小毛,馬麗娜,宗望遠(yuǎn),詹廣超,林子欣.撥禾鏈?zhǔn)接涂钆_(tái)靜態(tài)滑切角恒定切割器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(1):99-108. LIU Yang, HUANG Xiaomao, MA Lina, ZONG Wangyuan, ZHAN Guangchao, LIN Zixin. Design and Test of Static Sliding Cut Angle Constant Cutting Machine for Chain Oil Sunflower Harvester Header[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):99-108.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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