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咸淡輪灌和生物炭對(duì)濱海鹽漬土水鹽運(yùn)移特征的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51879071)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400200)


Effects of Cycle Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water and Biochar on Water and Salt Transports of Coastal Saline Soil
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    為利用濱海地區(qū)微咸水改良鹽漬土,進(jìn)行了不同咸淡水輪灌(淡淡、淡咸、咸淡、咸咸)和施用生物炭(0、15、30t/hm2)的室內(nèi)入滲試驗(yàn),探討了咸淡輪灌和生物炭施用下濱海鹽漬土水鹽運(yùn)移過程。結(jié)果表明:濱海鹽漬土水分運(yùn)動(dòng)主要受初始入滲水質(zhì)的影響,先咸后淡的輪灌方式更有利于土壤水分入滲,入滲速率增加了8.2%~46.9%,并小幅提高了土壤含水率;生物炭可促進(jìn)咸淡輪灌下的水分運(yùn)移,增加了相同時(shí)間內(nèi)的濕潤鋒距離、累計(jì)入滲量、入滲速率及入滲后的土壤含水率,添加量為15t/hm2時(shí)入滲增益最佳,入滲速率提高了3.5%~22.0%;淡咸和咸淡處理的土壤含鹽量均低于咸咸處理,脫鹽率和脫鹽區(qū)深度系數(shù)更高,咸淡處理可增加脫鹽率,而淡咸處理可提高脫鹽區(qū)深度系數(shù);生物炭有利于咸淡輪灌下的土壤鹽分淋洗,脫鹽率和脫鹽區(qū)深度系數(shù)分別提高了9.1%~15.0%和1.1%~7.5%,并增加了Ca2+和Mg2+含量,促進(jìn)Na+淋洗,進(jìn)而降低了微咸水利用風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但在30t/hm2時(shí)鹽分淋洗效果有所減弱。研究表明,添加15t/hm2生物炭配合微咸水-淡水輪灌能夠改善濱海鹽漬土的入滲特性、持水能力和鹽分分布,可為該區(qū)鹽漬土和微咸水開發(fā)利用提供參考。

    Abstract:

    For saline soil reclamation using brackish water in coastal areas, indoor infiltration tests were carried out to investigate the water and salt transport processes of coastal saline soil under different cycle irrigations with brackish and fresh water and biochar application. There were four cycle irrigation treatments, that was, continuous freshwater irrigation (fresh-fresh), began with freshwater irrigation then brackish water irrigation (fresh-brackish), began with brackish irrigation and then freshwater irrigation (brackish-fresh), continuous brackish water irrigation (brackish-brackish). The biochar application rates were 0t/hm2, 15t/hm2 and 30t/hm2, respectively. According to the results, the water movement of coastal saline soil was mainly affected by the initial infiltration water quality. The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh was more beneficial to soil water infiltration and increased the infiltration rate by 8.2%~46.9%. The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh also slightly improved soil moisture content. Biochar promoted water infiltration under cycle irrigation with brackish and fresh water, and increased wetting front distance, accumulated infiltration amount, infiltration rate, and soil moisture content. Biochar application at 15t/hm2 was most conducive to soil water transport, increasing the infiltration rate by 3.5%~22.0%. The soil salt content of fresh-brackish and brackish-fresh was lower than that of brackish-brackish, while the desalinization rate and depth coefficient were higher. The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh increased the desalinization rate, and the cycle irrigation of fresh-brackish could increase the desalinization depth. The addition of biochar was beneficial to soil salt leaching under cycle irrigation, which increased the desalination rate and desalination depth coefficient by 9.1%~15.0% and 1.1%~7.5%, respectively. Biochar also increased the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+, which promoted Na+ leaching and mitigated the risk of brackish water irrigation. The effect of biochar on salt leaching was limited when the biochar application rate was increased to 30t/hm2. The research result showed that 15t/hm2 biochar combined with cycle irrigation with brackish and fresh water improved infiltration characteristics, water holding capacity, and salt distribution of coastal saline soil, which could provide references for the development and utilization of saline soil and brackish water in coastal regions.

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黃明逸,張展羽,徐輝,翟亞明,王策,朱成立.咸淡輪灌和生物炭對(duì)濱海鹽漬土水鹽運(yùn)移特征的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(1):238-247. HUANG Mingyi, ZHANG Zhanyu, XU Hui, ZHAI Yaming, WANG Ce, ZHU Chengli. Effects of Cycle Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water and Biochar on Water and Salt Transports of Coastal Saline Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):238-247.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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