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玉米免耕播種機(jī)側(cè)置切刀與撥茬齒盤組合清茬裝置研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600)


Combined Row Cleaners Research with Side Cutter and Stubble Clean Disk of Corn No-till Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國(guó)東北地區(qū)在秸稈全量還田條件下進(jìn)行玉米免耕播種作業(yè)時(shí),種帶清茬率低、播種后秸稈在風(fēng)力作用下被吹回清理后的播種帶,從而造成秸稈回壟的問題,設(shè)計(jì)一種側(cè)置切刀與撥茬齒盤組合式清茬裝置。通過(guò)對(duì)清茬裝置的切茬性能進(jìn)行分析,確定了切茬圓盤類型、尺寸及安裝參數(shù);對(duì)撥茬過(guò)程中種帶秸稈及表土在撥茬齒盤作用下的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡進(jìn)行分析,得出影響清茬率及秸稈回壟的撥茬齒盤主要參數(shù)為:回轉(zhuǎn)半徑、曲率半徑、撥齒長(zhǎng)度。以種帶清茬率與秸稈壓土量為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),采用離散元軟件EDEM進(jìn)行二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合仿真試驗(yàn),確定了撥茬齒盤的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:回轉(zhuǎn)半徑163mm、曲率半徑350mm、撥齒長(zhǎng)度52mm。采用最佳參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,在20cm清茬寬度下,種帶清茬率與秸稈壓土量分別為91.4%和5833cm3/m2,與仿真結(jié)果基本一致,作業(yè)后行間秸稈被種帶表土覆蓋,且未出現(xiàn)秸稈回壟現(xiàn)象,滿足免耕播種作業(yè)農(nóng)藝和技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    According to the existing problems of no-till corn seeding in full straw returning in the northeastern part of China, such as the low stubble removal rate in seeding row, the secondary cover of seeding row after sowing caused by the return of straw under the action of wind, a row cleaner with side cutter and stubble clean disk was developed. The stubble-breaking performance was analyzed to determine the type, size and installation parameters of cutter. Through the analysis of the trajectory of straw and topsoil under the action of stubble clean disk, the main parameters of the stubble clean disk affecting the stubble removal rate and the straw returning were clarified as follows: radius of gyration, radius of curvature and length of teeth. The simulation experiment of quadric rotation orthogonal combination was carried out in discrete element software EDEM, taking the stubble removal rate and the amount of straw covering soil as evaluation indexes, the optimal parameter combination of the stubble clean disk was determined as follows: the radius of gyration was 163mm, the radius of curvature was 350mm, and the length of teeth was 52mm. The best parameter combination was used for field verification test, which showed that the stubble removal rate and the amount of straw covering soil were 91.4% and5833cm3/m2 under the 20cm clear width, which was similar to the simulation results. After the operation of the combine of side cutter and stubble clean disk, the straw between the rows was covered by the topsoil of the row and there was no straw return phenomenon, which satisfied the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till seeding.

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曹鑫鵬,王慶杰,李洪文,何進(jìn),盧彩云.玉米免耕播種機(jī)側(cè)置切刀與撥茬齒盤組合清茬裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(3):36-44. CAO Xinpeng, WANG Qingjie, LI Hongwen, HE Jin, LU Caiyun. Combined Row Cleaners Research with Side Cutter and Stubble Clean Disk of Corn No-till Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):36-44.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-10
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