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彌霧灌對(duì)棗園冠層環(huán)境和光合特性及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51869030、51369028)和塔里木大學(xué)研究生科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(TDGRI201801)


Effects of Mist Irrigation on Canopy Environment, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Jujube Orchard
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)高溫低濕的極端干旱氣候易造成南疆棗樹盛花期出現(xiàn)“焦花”及坐果率低、光合速率下降等問(wèn)題,在棗園冠層布設(shè)彌霧系統(tǒng),在棗樹盛花期以彌霧時(shí)間和彌霧次數(shù)為變量設(shè)置3個(gè)處理(M1為每天彌霧3次,每次20min;M2為每天彌霧2次,每次20min;M3為每天彌霧2次,每次40min),CK為對(duì)照,不彌霧,通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)研究不同處理對(duì)棗樹落花率、坐果率和光合速率的影響以及紅棗產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的提升效果。結(jié)果表明,相較于對(duì)照,彌霧處理能有效增加冠層濕度、降低溫度,冠層空氣濕度最大可提升158.7%,冠層溫度最大可降低38.9%;彌霧處理下的土壤含水率普遍較高,M3處理下土壤含水率最高,相較于CK,土壤含水率提升8.44%;冠層環(huán)境的改變會(huì)影響棗樹的葉片光合速率以及CO2固定量,彌霧處理下的棗樹葉片CO2固定量均大于對(duì)照處理,有利于作物自身發(fā)育和促進(jìn)果實(shí)生長(zhǎng);在彌霧期間M1、M2處理的落花率分別比CK低18.39%、15.09%。彌霧處理能調(diào)控冠層微環(huán)境,可有效提升棗樹葉片的光合速率,促進(jìn)開花坐果,提升紅棗品質(zhì),每天彌霧3次、每次20min是獲得紅棗高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的最佳處理。

    Abstract:

    In view of the extremely arid climate with high temperature and low humidity, it is easy to cause “burnt flower” and low fruit setting rate and photosynthetic rate decline in jujube trees in Southern Xinjiang. Through field experiments, a set of mist system for jujube orchard canopy was set up with variable mist time and mist times (M1: 3 times a day for 20min each time;M2: 2 times a day for 20min each time;M3: 2 times a day for 40min each time;CK as control, without mist). The effects of different treatments on the flower drop rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and the effect of improving the quality of red jujubes were compared, and the best treatment was selected. The result showed that compared with the control, the misting treatment can effectively increase the canopy humidity and lower the temperature, it can increase the air humidity by up to 158.7%, and reduce the temperature by up to 38.9%. The soil moisture content under the misting treatment was generally higher, the soil moisture content of M3 was the highest. Compared with CK, the soil moisture content was increased by 8.44%. Changes in the canopy environment would affect the photosynthetic rate of the jujube leaves and the fixed amount of CO2, the fixed amount of CO2 on the leaves of the jujube under the mist treatment was greater than that of the without mist treatment. Therefore, the accumulation of crop organic matter and the storage of its own energy after the mist was better, which was more conducive to the growth of the crop and the growth of fruits. Through mist, a suitable environment can be created for jujube trees, which had significant effects in reducing flower drop rate, increasing fruit setting rate and fruit quality. The flower drop rate of M1 and M2 treatments was 18.39% and 15.09% lower than that of CK. Mist treatment can indeed regulate the canopy environment, a suitable canopy environment can increase the photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves, promote flowering and fruit setting, and improve the quality of red jujubes. Through this experiment, it was found that three times of mist a day, 20min each time, was the best treatment to obtain high-yield and high-quality red dates.

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周少梁,孫三民,姚寶林,李發(fā)永,何通亮,王偉偉.彌霧灌對(duì)棗園冠層環(huán)境和光合特性及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(5):249-257. ZHOU Shaoliang, SUN Sanmin, YAO Baolin, LI Fayong, HE Tongliang, WANG Weiwei. Effects of Mist Irrigation on Canopy Environment, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Jujube Orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(5):249-257.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-10
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