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氣吸式玉米精量排種器雙側(cè)清種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-02)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700703)


Design and Test of Double-side Cleaning Mechanism for Air-suction Maize Seed-metering Device
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    摘要:

    為解決氣吸式玉米精量排種器清種裝置設(shè)計(jì)不合理而造成漏清、過(guò)清,導(dǎo)致排種性能下降的問(wèn)題,提出采用雙側(cè)清種裝置進(jìn)行清種作業(yè)的方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了雙側(cè)清種裝置。對(duì)該裝置清種過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析,明確了造成重吸的原因,闡明了清種過(guò)程的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理,建立了清種過(guò)程數(shù)學(xué)模型,確定了上下側(cè)清種機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。選取第1級(jí)清種弧線頂部半徑、第2級(jí)清種弧線頂部半徑和工作轉(zhuǎn)速為主要因素進(jìn)行了全因素試驗(yàn),對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行顯著性分析,建立了因素與指標(biāo)的回歸方程,以漏清率和過(guò)清率最小為尋優(yōu)條件,獲得較優(yōu)清種強(qiáng)度下的最佳參數(shù)組合為:第1級(jí)清種弧線頂部半徑80.70mm、第2級(jí)清種弧線頂部半徑81.42mm,并在最佳參數(shù)組合下進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明,在較優(yōu)清種強(qiáng)度參數(shù)組合下,當(dāng)工作轉(zhuǎn)速為26.67~37.33r/min時(shí),漏清率均不大于1.10%,過(guò)清率均不大于1.03%,與理論優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致。對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,工作轉(zhuǎn)速為26.67r/min時(shí),采用雙側(cè)清種裝置漏清率降低6.70個(gè)百分點(diǎn),過(guò)清率基本不變,排種器合格率提高7.04個(gè)百分點(diǎn);工作轉(zhuǎn)速為32.00r/min時(shí),采用雙側(cè)清種裝置漏清率降低4.63個(gè)百分點(diǎn),過(guò)清率基本不變,排種器合格率提高5.07個(gè)百分點(diǎn);工作轉(zhuǎn)速為37.33r/min時(shí),采用雙側(cè)清種裝置漏清率降低7.41個(gè)百分點(diǎn),過(guò)清率降低0.24個(gè)百分點(diǎn),排種器合格率提高7.26個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。采用雙側(cè)清種裝置有效降低了漏清率,在高速情況下對(duì)過(guò)清率也有所改善。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem that the unreasonable design of the clearing mechanism of the air-suction maize seed-metering device, which causes the missing-clearing and over-clearing and reduces the performance of the air-suction maize seed-metering device. A method of using a double-sided seed cleaning mechanism for seed cleaning was presented and a double-sided seed cleaning mechanism was designed. By analyzing the process of seed clearing, the reason of reabsorption was clarified, the movement mechanism of the process of seed clearing was clarified, and the mathematical model of the upper side of the process of seed clearing was established. The shape parameters of the upper seed cleaning mechanism, the interval angle of the upper and lower seed cleaning devices and the lower seed cleaning intensity were determined. The whole factor test was carried out with the first level clear arc top radius, the second level clear arc top radius and the working speed as the main factors. In addition, significant analysis on the test results was performed to determine the regression equation of factors and indicators. Meanwhile, missing-clearing rate and over-clearing rate were used as test indexes. The results showed that the better clearing intensity was determined as the first level clear arc top radius was 80.70mm, and the second level clear arc top radius was 81.42mm. The verification test results showed that under the combination of better cleaning intensity, when the rotational speed was 26.67~37.33r/min, the missing-clearing rate was less than or equal to 1.10%, and the over-cleaning rate was less than or equal to 1.03%, which were consistent with the theoretical optimization results. The comparison test showed that the missing-clearing rate improved at all test working speed. When the rotational speed was 26.67r/min, compared with single-side seed cleaning mechanism, the missing-clearing rate was reduced by 6.70 percentage points, the over-cleaning rate was basically unchanged,the qualified rate was increased by 7.04 percentage points. When the rotational speed was 32.00r/min, compared with single-side seed cleaning mechanism, the missing-clearing rate was reduced by 4.63 percentage points, the over-cleaning rate was basically unchanged,the qualified rate was increased by 5.07 percentage points. When the rotational speed was 37.33r/min, compared with single-side seed cleaning mechanism, the missing-clearing rate was reduced by 7.41 percentage points, the over-cleaning rate was increased by 0.24 percentage points,and the qualified rate was increased by 7.26 percentage points. The double-sided seed cleaning mechanism can effectively reduce the missing-clearing rate and improve the over-cleaning rate at high speed.

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李玉環(huán),楊麗,張東興,崔濤,和賢桃,胡恒.氣吸式玉米精量排種器雙側(cè)清種裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(7):29-39. LI Yuhuan, YANG Li, ZHANG Dongxing, CUI Tao, HE Xiantao, HU Heng. Design and Test of Double-side Cleaning Mechanism for Air-suction Maize Seed-metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(7):29-39.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-10
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