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氣吸式玉米排種器吸附姿態(tài)對(duì)投種性能的影響分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700703)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51575515)和國(guó)家玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-02)


Effect of Seed Adsorption Posture of Corn Air-suction Metering Device on Seed Feeding Performance
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    摘要:

    為保證氣吸式排種器高速作業(yè)狀態(tài)下投種均勻一致,對(duì)玉米籽粒中占據(jù)比例較高且長(zhǎng)、寬、厚變化較大的大扁形種子進(jìn)行研究;通過理論分析探明,種子的吸附姿態(tài)影響投種穩(wěn)定性,振動(dòng)加劇導(dǎo)致投種均勻性不一致;采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真的方法分析了影響投種性能的關(guān)鍵因素——種子吸附姿態(tài),發(fā)現(xiàn)不同排種盤角速度下平躺姿態(tài)為主要吸附姿態(tài),平躺種子比例越高,合格指數(shù)越高,側(cè)躺種子和豎直種子共同影響重播指數(shù)和漏播指數(shù);分析了影響投種性能的關(guān)鍵因素——投種時(shí)機(jī),研究發(fā)現(xiàn),提早投種狀態(tài)下種子的主要姿態(tài)為豎直和側(cè)躺,正常投種狀態(tài)下平躺種子占絕大部分,延時(shí)投種狀態(tài)下側(cè)躺種子所占比例較高,合格指數(shù)與正常投種比例的變化趨勢(shì)一致,增大種子平躺姿態(tài)的比例可有效提高播種質(zhì)量。進(jìn)行了風(fēng)壓和角速度匹配試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,排種器在較優(yōu)作業(yè)速度8~12km/h范圍內(nèi)、風(fēng)壓在-4.5~-3kPa區(qū)間內(nèi),合格指數(shù)不低于93.4%,漏播指數(shù)不高于4.5%,重播指數(shù)不大于3.1%,并通過高速攝像慢速回放得出,種子姿態(tài)變化情況與仿真結(jié)果一致,從而驗(yàn)證了仿真模擬的準(zhǔn)確性。

    Abstract:

    In order to ensure the uniformity of seed delivery under the condition of high-speed operation of the air-suction seed metering device, the big-flat seeds with high proportion and big change in length, width and thickness in corn seeds were studied. The influence of seed adsorption attitude on seed delivery stability was verified through theoretical analysis. Considering the vibration caused by the uneven road surface during the operation of the seeder, the uneven seed delivery caused by the increased vibration was verified as disagreement. Using the method of DEM-CFD coupling simulation, the key factors affecting the seeding performance were analyzed, and it was found that the main adsorption attitude was lying flat at different rotating speeds of seed tray;the higher the proportion of lying flat seeds was, the higher the qualified index was, and the side lying seeds and vertical seeds jointly affected the multiple index and the missing index. It was found that the flat seeds at different rotation speeds were the main adsorption attitude, and with the increase of rotation speed, the proportion of lying flat seeds was increased gradually in the range of 1.6~3.6rad/s. The proportion of big-flat seeds in the side lying posture was increased slightly with the increase of rotation speed of seed plate, and then decreased rapidly to the lowest point of 5%, and then began to increase sharply, when the rotation speed was 4.1rad/s, accounting for 18%. With the increase of rotation speed, the proportion of oblate seeds in vertical position was firstly decreased and then increased, the highest point was 10%. In the study of the influence of seed adsorption attitude on seed performance, it was found that the higher the proportion of flat seeds was, the higher the qualified index was, the higher the proportion of side seeds was, and the number of multiple index was also increased. The increase of vertical seed proportion would have an impact on missing seeding. It can be seen from the analysis of seeding area that increasing the proportion of normal seeding, reducing the proportion of early seeding and delayed seeding can effectively improve the qualified index, and the different adsorption attitude can affect the timing of seeding, thus affecting the quality of seeding. The best seeding effect was in the area with an angle of 15°~30° with the horizontal position. Finally, wind pressure and rotation tests were carried out in the experiment of speed matching, the single factor tests of speed and wind pressure were carried out respectively, and the range of operation parameters was obtained. Then, the verification tests of speed and wind pressure were carried out. The results showed that increasing the proportion of seeds lying on the ground can effectively improve the seeding quality.

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丁力,楊麗,張東興,崔濤,張凱良,鐘翔君.氣吸式玉米排種器吸附姿態(tài)對(duì)投種性能的影響分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(7):40-50. DING Li, YANG Li, ZHANG Dongxing, CUI Tao, ZHANG Kailiang, ZHONG Xiangjun. Effect of Seed Adsorption Posture of Corn Air-suction Metering Device on Seed Feeding Performance[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(7):40-50.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-10
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