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覆膜滴灌條件下滴灌濕潤比和施氮量對甘薯生長的影響
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國家自然科學基金青年科學基金項目(51809225)、中國博士后科學基金特別項目(2020T130559)和中國博士后科學基金面上項目(2019M651977)


Effects of Soil Wetted Percentages and Nitrogen Fertilizations on Sweet Potato Growth under Drip Irrigation with Film Mulching
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    摘要:

    為提高甘薯產(chǎn)量、品質以及水氮利用效率,設置3個灌水水平:不灌水(P1)、滴灌濕潤比30%(P2)、滴灌濕潤比60%(P3),3個施氮水平:90kg/hm2(N1)、180kg/hm2(N2)、270kg/hm2(N3),共9個處理進行田間試驗,探索不同水氮組合下甘薯生長指標、產(chǎn)量以及營養(yǎng)成分對水肥的響應。研究分析不同水肥處理下甘薯蔓長、莖粗、干物質積累量、塊莖分級、產(chǎn)量、塊莖可溶性糖含量、塊莖淀粉含量、塊莖總類胡蘿卜素含量以及塊莖粗蛋白含量等指標的變化。結果表明:在相同滴灌濕潤比處理下,N3處理地上干物質量大于N2、N1處理(N1P2除外)。在定植后157d,N1、N3施氮量處理下的P3處理地上干物質量最高,N2施氮量處理下則是P2處理地上干物質量最高。在生育期后期、不灌水(P1)條件下,N3處理地下干物質量最高;在P2、P3處理下,則N2處理最高。在相同滴灌濕潤比處理下,隨著施氮量的增加,甘薯產(chǎn)量、單株結薯數(shù)、大薯塊個數(shù)(質量)以及可溶性糖含量均先增加、后減小,甘薯塊莖粗蛋白含量先略有減小、而后增加,總類胡蘿卜素含量減少。而在相同施氮量、不同滴灌濕潤比處理間各指標均無顯著性差異。N2P3(中氮高水)處理甘薯產(chǎn)量、可溶性糖含量表現(xiàn)最優(yōu),N3P2(高氮中水)處理甘薯塊莖粗蛋白含量最高,N1P1(低氮不灌水)處理甘薯塊莖總類胡蘿卜素含量最高。綜合考慮甘薯的產(chǎn)量、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力與品質,經(jīng)回歸分析表明,在本試驗條件下甘薯較為適宜的滴灌濕潤比為60%,氮肥用量為180.25kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Optimizing the amount of water and nitrogen is the main way to increase crop yield and improve crop quality. Sweet potato, rich in anthocyanins, carotenoids and other health-care nutrients, has a good prospect for starch processing and is an important food and energy crop. Nitrogen is a necessary macronutrient element for sweet potato growth and development. Soil moisture is an important factor affecting soil nitrogen distribution in the field and sweet potato growth. Proper soil moisture can promote sweet potato vines growth and increase sweet potato yield. Meanwhile, soil moisture can help give full play to nitrogen fertilizer effect. Different soil wetted percentages and nitrogen fertilizations have different effects on sweet potato yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency, and sweet potato quality. The experiment was conducted in Rizhao City, Shandong Province from May to October 2020. The effects of different soil wetted percentages and nitrogen fertilizations on sweet potato vines growth, yield and quality under drip irrigation with black plastic film mulching were studied. The sweet potato vine stem diameter, vine length, and dry matter quality were measured throughout the whole growth season. The potato yield, tuber grade, starch, crude protein, soluble sugar and total carotenoid content were measured. The results showed that non-irrigation treatment could not fully exert the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, and caused drought stress, which was not conducive to the growth of sweet potato vines and dry matter accumulation. High nitrogen fertilization (N3) treatment improved the above-ground growth and made the sink-source imbalance. Then it inhibited the underground dry matter accumulation. The P2 treatment provided appropriate water conditions for sweet potato growth and promoted nitrogen absorption of sweet potato, which was beneficial to underground dry matter accumulation. Under the same soil wetted percentage treatments, the number of sweet potato per plant and the quantity (mass) of large potato pieces would first increase and then decrease with nitrogen fertilization increase. Irrigation increase can increase sweet potato yield. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased sweet potato yield and the quantity (mass) of large sweet potato pieces. However, excessive nitrogen fertilization reduced sweet potato yield and the quantity (mass) of large potato pieces. Excessive soil nitrogen content inhibited sweet potato soluble sugar accumulation, while higher soil water content alleviated the inhibitory effect of high nitrogen on tuber soluble sugar accumulation. Sweet potato tuber total carotenoid content was decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilization, and the rate was slowed down with the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Higher nitrogen fertilization promoted sweet potato formation tuber crude protein. Considering the yield and quality and partial factor productivity(PFP)of sweet potato, the suitable soil wetted percentage for sweet potato in Shandong Province was 60%, and the nitrogen fertilizer amount was 180.25kg/hm2.

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張友良,汪兆輝,馮紹元,王鳳新.覆膜滴灌條件下滴灌濕潤比和施氮量對甘薯生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(7):261-270. ZHANG Youliang, WANG Zhaohui, FENG Shaoyuan, WANG Fengxin. Effects of Soil Wetted Percentages and Nitrogen Fertilizations on Sweet Potato Growth under Drip Irrigation with Film Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(7):261-270.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-10
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