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秸稈條帶撿拾粉碎深埋裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700301)


Design and Experiment of Straw Pickup-Crushed and Deep Buried Device under Strip-tillage
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)東北黑土區(qū)保護(hù)性耕作秸稈還田條件下,地表秸稈量大導(dǎo)致免耕播種過(guò)程易雍堵、播種后地溫提升慢等問(wèn)題,提出了一種秸稈條帶撿拾粉碎深埋方式,通過(guò)撿拾粉碎機(jī)構(gòu)將地表部分秸稈撿拾粉碎,由罩殼處篩孔完成土稈篩分,集稈螺旋器進(jìn)行秸稈的定向集運(yùn),最后經(jīng)運(yùn)秸風(fēng)機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈輸送深埋。本文對(duì)粉碎刀結(jié)構(gòu)、排列方式和轉(zhuǎn)速等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行確定,對(duì)粉碎刀軸的秸稈漏撿區(qū)域面積展開分析,通過(guò)理論分析和離散元單因素仿真試驗(yàn)明確了集稈螺旋器轉(zhuǎn)速與其所受扭矩和秸稈運(yùn)動(dòng)速度之間的關(guān)系,初步確定了螺旋器轉(zhuǎn)速為900~1100r/min,設(shè)計(jì)了開溝鏟的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并利用離散元全因素仿真試驗(yàn)?zāi)M了作業(yè)速度與開溝深度兩因素間與表層土壤顆粒運(yùn)動(dòng)及開溝鏟受力之間的關(guān)系,以作業(yè)速度、開溝深度和螺旋器轉(zhuǎn)速為因素,秸稈深埋合格率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行Box-Behnken試驗(yàn)。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)前進(jìn)速度為3km/h、開溝深度為290mm、螺旋器轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min時(shí),其秸稈掩埋合格率為64.2%,其預(yù)測(cè)值約為67.4%,誤差小于5%,滿足設(shè)計(jì)需求。研究成果為東北黑土地保護(hù)性耕作推廣提供了新的方案和技術(shù)支撐。

    Abstract:

    The large amount of surface straws in the no-tillage planting process results in dragging and piling and the ground temperature rises slowly after planting under the conditions of conservation tillage and straw returning to the field in the black soil area of Northeast China. Aiming at the problems, a method that the straw was crushed and deep buried in the strip was proposes, that was, the surface straw was picked up and crushed by the picking and crushing mechanism, the soil and straw screening was completed by the sieve holes at the cover, the stalk collecting spiral performed the directional collection and transportation of the straw, and finally the straw was transported and buried deeply by the straw conveying fan. The key parameters such as the structure, arrangement and speed of the crushing knife were designed, and the straw leakage area of the crushing knife shaft was analyzed. Through theoretical analysis and discrete element single factor simulation experiments, the relationship between the speed of the stalk screw and the torque and the speed of the stalk movement was clarified, and the speed range of the stalk screw was preliminarily determined to be 900~1100r/min and the structural parameters of the ditching shovel was designed. And the discrete element full factor simulation test was used to simulate the relationship between the operating speed and ditching depth and the movement of surface soil particles and the force of the ditching shovel, taking the operating speed, ditching depth and stalk collecting spiral speed as factors, the Box-Behnken test was carried out with the qualified rate of straw buried deep as the test index. The field test results showed that when the device’s forward speed was 3km/h, the trenching depth was 290mm, and the spiral speed was 1000r/min, the straw burial pass rate was 64.2%, and its predicted value was about 67.4% under the similar parameters. The error was less than 5%, which met the design requirements of the device. The method results can provide a scheme and technical support for the promotion of conservation tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China.

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陳桂斌,盧彩云,何進(jìn),王超,王秀紅,王慶杰.秸稈條帶撿拾粉碎深埋裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(10):16-27. CHEN Guibin, LU Caiyun, HE Jin, WANG Chao, WANG Xiuhong, WANG Qingjie. Design and Experiment of Straw Pickup-Crushed and Deep Buried Device under Strip-tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):16-27.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-31
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