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電液混合調控式大蒜播種機設計與試驗
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安徽高校協同創(chuàng)新項目(GXXT-2019-036)


Design and Experiment of Electro-hydraulic Mixed Garlic Planter
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    摘要:

    針對傳統(tǒng)大蒜播種裝備自動化程度低而導致的播種合格率和作業(yè)效率低等問題,設計了一種電液混合調控式大蒜播種機。該機主要由電控播種裝置、播深調節(jié)裝置、參數檢測裝置和人機交互界面等組成。以單片機為核心控制器,利用速度傳感器和旋轉編碼器,實現了株距與作業(yè)速度的匹配;分析開溝入土阻力與入土深度關系,確定了播深調節(jié)液壓裝置關鍵部件;結合光電傳感器和顯示屏,完成了作業(yè)參數實時顯示與播種異常報警功能。以雜交蒜為試驗對象,分別進行了播深一致性試驗、播量檢測試驗和播種質量試驗,結果顯示,播深調節(jié)平均誤差為4.7%,播深變異系數平均值為5.3%;播量檢測平均誤差為4.0%;播種合格率為83.7%,漏播率為6.2%,滿足大蒜播種農藝要求,且較同種條件下以汽油機為動力源的大蒜播種機漏播率降低3.1個百分點。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of garlic sowing mechanization and inconvenient adjustment of sowing depth, an electro-hydraulic mixed garlic planter was designed. The system was mainly composed of electronically controlled seeding device, sowing depth adjustment device, parameter detection device and human-computer interaction interface. The single chip microcomputer was used as the core controller, and the speed sensor and rotary encoder were used to realize the match of plant distance and operating speed. The relationship of trench resistance and depth was analyzed to determine the key components of the hydraulic device for depth adjustment. Combined with the use of photoelectric sensors and display screen, the real-time display of operating parameters and alarm function for abnormal seeding were completed. Taking the hybrid garlic as the experiment object, the sowing depth consistency experiment, sowing quantity detection experiment and sowing quality experiment were conducted respectively. The results showed that the average error of sowing depth adjustment was 4.7%, and the coefficient of variation of sowing depth was 5.3%. The qualified rate of sowing was 83.7%, and the missed sowing rate was 6.2%, which met the agronomic requirements of garlic sowing. The average error of sowing rate detection was 4.0%, and compared with the same kind of conditions, the missed sowing rate of garlic planter with gasoline engine as the power source was reduced by 3.1 percentage points. The research results can provide a certain reference for the mechanization and automation of garlic sowing.

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張春嶺,吳曉慶,謝東波,王晴晴,張杰,陳黎卿.電液混合調控式大蒜播種機設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(10):166-174. ZHANG Chunling, WU Xiaoqing, XIE Dongbo, WANG Qingqing, ZHANG Jie, CHEN Liqing. Design and Experiment of Electro-hydraulic Mixed Garlic Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):166-174.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-07
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