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薯類收獲機挖掘深度自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701604-02)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(52005309)、山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系薯類產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新團隊項目(SDAIT-16-13)和山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2019QEE035)


Development of Automatic Depth Control System Employed in Potato Harvester
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    摘要:

    為了提升薯類收獲機械自動化水平,提高明薯率,降低傷薯率和漏挖率,減小挖掘阻力,根據(jù)壟作薯類作物種植模式,以牽引式薯類收獲機為載體,采用傳感器和微處理器控制技術(shù),設(shè)計了一種挖掘深度自動控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括前仿形裝置、挖掘機構(gòu)、液壓裝置和控制系統(tǒng)。以壟溝地面為研究對象,采用接觸式深度探測機構(gòu),其仿形深度和寬度可調(diào)節(jié),挖掘深度實時調(diào)整可有效實現(xiàn)減阻降耗。建立挖掘深度調(diào)節(jié)模型,設(shè)計雙閾值死區(qū)控制算法,實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)精確穩(wěn)定控制,有效避免控制信號頻繁跳變和超調(diào),提高薯類作物收獲性能指標(biāo)。田間試驗表明,具有挖掘深度自動控制功能的薯類收獲機其明薯率為97.37%,傷薯率為1.49%,漏挖率為1.59%。相比采用人工收獲,其明薯率提升了2.20個百分點,傷薯率降低了1.41個百分點,漏挖率降低了2.00個百分點。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the automation level of potato harvesting machinery, improve the potato obvious rate and reduce the injury rate and undug rate, with the traction-type potato harvester as the carrier, an automatic depth control system designed. Sensor and microprocessor control technology was used. The system included the front profiling device, the digging mechanism, the hydraulic device and the control system. Using the excavation depth real-time adjustment algorithm, the excavation depth adjustment model was established, and the precise control of the harvester excavation depth was effectively realized, and the harvest performance index of potato crops was improved. Finally, test was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the automatic depth control system. According to the growth depth of sweet potato, the initial excavation depth was 260 mm. The machine harvested six ridges with automatic depth control device and six ridges without the device. Harvest trials were performed interlaced and a total of 12 ridges were harvested for comparative test, and the harvest speed was 1.4~1.6m/s. The test results showed that with manual depth control the average potato obvious rate was 95.17%, the average injury rate was 2.90% and the average undug rate was 3.59%. With the automatic depth control the average potato obvious rate was 97.37%, the average injury rate was 1.49%, and the average undug rate was 1.59%. Through comparison, it can be seen that after the use of automatic depth control device in the harvest process, the average potato obvious rate was increased by 2.20 percentage points, the average injury rate was decreased by 1.41 percentage points, and the average undug rate was decreased by 2.00 percentage points. Harvest performance indicators exceeded the qualified value requirements. It can be seen that after the 4UGS2 double row potato harvester was installed with the automatic deep control device, it can change the excavation depth according to the change of the bottom of the ridge. The harvester can improve its operation performance index, reduce the loss in the harvest process, and thus increase the economic benefits.

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李濤,李娜,劉存根,朱正波,周進,張華.薯類收獲機挖掘深度自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(12):16-23. LI Tao, LI Na, LIU Cungen, ZHU Zhengbo, ZHOU Jin, ZHANG Hua. Development of Automatic Depth Control System Employed in Potato Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):16-23.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-29
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