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馬鈴薯曲面式播種開(kāi)溝器仿生設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700705)


Bionic Design and Experiment of Potato Curved Surface Sowing Furrow Opener
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)馬鈴薯播種開(kāi)溝器高速作業(yè)條件下作業(yè)阻力大、回土深度淺、干濕土易混合等問(wèn)題,基于黃鰭金槍魚(yú)下顎流線型曲線,采用水平直元線法將原有曲線重構(gòu)為三維曲面,設(shè)計(jì)一種仿黃鰭金槍魚(yú)下顎曲線的曲面式開(kāi)溝器。根據(jù)馬鈴薯種植深度的農(nóng)藝要求,當(dāng)最大作業(yè)深度為150mm時(shí),采用滑切原理確定了最大刃口角為132°,元線角為27°。為探究起土角對(duì)開(kāi)溝器作業(yè)性能的影響,以作業(yè)阻力為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),確定了分土板的起土角為45°。通過(guò)分析種薯下落到地表時(shí)的相對(duì)位移確定上擋土板的長(zhǎng)度。干濕土分層仿真試驗(yàn)表明,開(kāi)溝器作業(yè)不擾亂土層順序。田間多工況對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,在開(kāi)溝深度為100、125、150mm,作業(yè)速度為3.6、5.4、7.2km/h條件下,曲面式開(kāi)溝器比芯鏵式開(kāi)溝器、靴式開(kāi)溝器平均作業(yè)阻力減小18.3%、33.4%,平均回土深度增加70.4%、91.7%。田間性能對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,在開(kāi)溝深度為150mm,作業(yè)速度為7.2km/h條件下,曲面式開(kāi)溝器比芯鏵式開(kāi)溝器、靴式開(kāi)溝器種溝中土壤含水率增加3.5%、4.7%,曲面式開(kāi)溝器能減少干濕土混合,曲面式開(kāi)溝器比芯鏵式開(kāi)溝器、靴式開(kāi)溝器種薯橫向偏移系數(shù)減小9.5%、10.1%,滿足馬鈴薯種植開(kāi)溝的農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of high resistance, shallow depth of soil return and easy mixing of wet and dry soil of potato sowing trencher under high speed operation conditions, the streamline curve of yellowfin tuna mandible was used. The horizontal linear element method was used, which can reconstruct the original curve into a three-dimensional surface. A curved grooving device imitating the curve of yellowfin tuna jaw was adopted, which could be adapted to the agronomic requirements of potato planting depth. When the maximum operating depth was 150mm, the sliding cutting principle was adopted, which can determine the maximum cutting edge angle of 132° and the element line angle of 27°. In order to explore the influence of soil lifting angle on the operating performance of the trencher, the operating resistance was taken as the evaluation index, and the single factor test was carried out, which determined that the soil lifting angle of the soil slat was 45°. The length of the upper retaining plate was determined by analyzing the relative displacement of the seed potato when it fell to the surface. The simulation test of dry and wet soil showed that the operation of trencher did not disturb the sequence of soil layers. Compared with the core type furrow opener and the boot type furrow opener, the average operating resistance of the curved type furrow opener was reduced by 18.3% and 33.4%, and the average returning depth was increased by 70.4% and 91.7% under the conditions of furrow depth of 100mm, 125mm and 150mm and operating speed of 3.6km/h, 5.4km/h and 7.2km/h. The field performance comparison experiment showed that the soil moisture content of the curved trench opener was increased by 3.5% and 4.7% compared with that of the coreshare trench opener and the boot trench opener, and the curved trench opener could reduce the mixing of wet and dry soil under the condition of the trench depth of 150mm and the operating speed of 7.2km/h. Compared with the core type furrow opener and the boot type furrow opener, the transverse migration coefficient of potato planting with curved surface furrow opener can be reduced by 9.5% and 10.1%, which can meet the agronomic requirements of potato planting furrow opener.

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趙淑紅,顧志遠(yuǎn),袁溢文,呂金慶.馬鈴薯曲面式播種開(kāi)溝器仿生設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(12):32-42,64. ZHAO Shuhong, GU Zhiyuan, YUAN Yiwen, Lü Jinqing. Bionic Design and Experiment of Potato Curved Surface Sowing Furrow Opener[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):32-42,64.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-02-23
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