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前置式皮帶夾持輸送棉稈起拔機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51865058)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2019D01A45)、2017年新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山雪松計劃項(xiàng)目(2017Q19)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2020D14037)


Design and Test of Front Mounted Belt Clamping and Conveying Cotton-stalk Pulling Device
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    摘要:

    為解決棉稈起拔機(jī)拔斷率高、起拔后鋪放散亂的問題,基于帶夾原理設(shè)計了一種前置式皮帶夾持輸送棉稈起拔機(jī)。該機(jī)關(guān)鍵部件為起拔輸送機(jī)構(gòu),作業(yè)時通過皮帶將棉稈夾持拔出,隨后將其輸送至機(jī)具一側(cè),有序鋪放到地面上。首先分析棉稈起拔過程中產(chǎn)生漏拔及拔斷的原因,其次進(jìn)行拔稈機(jī)理理論分析,確定影響拔稈效果的主要因素及其取值范圍。在棉花高度為750mm、根部直徑為10mm、棉稈含水率為25%~35%的試驗(yàn)地進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步研究各影響因素對棉稈起拔效果的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后的參數(shù)組合為機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度2.27km/h、張緊量71.26mm、主動輪轉(zhuǎn)速244.98r/min,此時棉稈拔斷率為3.53%,棉稈漏拔率為5.09%。驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,在參數(shù)組合為機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度2km/h、張緊量70mm、主動輪轉(zhuǎn)速250r/min條件下,棉稈拔斷率為3.67%,棉稈漏拔率為5.32%,與優(yōu)化值相對誤差均小于5%,證明樣機(jī)設(shè)計合理,滿足棉稈整株起拔的作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to realize the recycling of cottonstalk, it has been an urgent need to develop a cotton-stalk harvester applicable to the mechanical cotton picking and planting model in Xinjiang, so as to advance the whole-process mechanization of cotton harvesting. Aiming at solving the problems of high plucking rate and scattered spreading of cotton stalk in the process of pulling, a kind of front mounted belt clamping and conveying cotton-stalk pulling device was designed based on the principle of belt clamping and conveying. The cotton-stalk pulling device consisted of a front suspension device, dividers, a pulling and conveying device, and a hydraulic system. The pulling and conveying device was the key part of the device. It pulled out cotton stalks by belt clamping, then, the belt transported the stalks to one side of the machine. A quadratic regression orthogonal test with three factors and three levels was carried on, with cotton-stalk leakage rate and cotton-stalk plucking rate as response values, with forward speed, driving wheel speed, and tensional amount as the influence factors, and parameters were optimized. The results showed that the forward speed had significant effect on the cotton-stalk plucking rate, the driving wheel speed and the tensional amount had highly significant effects on the cotton-stalk plucking rate (P<0.01). While the forward speed, the driving wheel speed and the tensional amount had highly significant effects on the cotton-stalk leakage rate (P<0.01). The optimal parameter combination was forward speed of 2.27km/h, tensional amount of 71.26mm, and driving wheel speed of 244.98r/min. According to the result of field verification test, under the working condition of the forward speed was 2km/h, the tensional amount was 70mm, and the driving wheel speed was 250r/min, the cotton-stalk plucking rate was 3.67% and the cotton-stalk leakage rate was 5.32%. The test results showed that the theoretical results were coincident with the measuring results, and the error between them was less than 5%. The study results can provide references for the development and improvement of cotton whole-stalk pulling device.

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張佳喜,芮照鈺,蔡佳麟,王毅超,葉爾波拉提·鐵木爾,郜周明.前置式皮帶夾持輸送棉稈起拔機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(12):77-84,152. ZHANG Jiaxi, RUI Zhaoyu, CAI Jialin, WANG Yichao, YEERBOLATI·Tiemuer, GAO Zhouming. Design and Test of Front Mounted Belt Clamping and Conveying Cotton-stalk Pulling Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):77-84,152.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-20
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