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水氮耦合對黑土稻作產(chǎn)量與氮素吸收利用的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(52079028、51779046)


Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Black Soil
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    摘要:

    為探明不同水氮耦合模式下黑土區(qū)水稻產(chǎn)量形成和氮素吸收利用的規(guī)律,設(shè)置常規(guī)淹灌(F)、淺濕灌溉(W)和控制灌溉(C)3種灌溉模式,0、85、110、135kg/hm2(N0、N1、N2、N3)4個施氮量水平,共12個處理,研究不同水氮耦合模式對水稻干物質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量、氮素吸收轉(zhuǎn)運、水氮利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明:常規(guī)淹灌和淺濕灌溉模式下,水稻地上部各器官干物質(zhì)累積量隨施氮量的增加而增大,而控制灌溉模式隨施氮量的增加先增大后減?。凰镜厣喜坎煌鞴俚乩鄯e量隨施氮量的增加而增大,相同施氮水平,控制灌溉模式的葉、莖鞘和穗氮素累積量較常規(guī)淹灌提高了27.80%~43.42%、18.32%~24.97%、13.85%~24.25%,較淺濕灌溉提高了0.96%~13.18%、10.73%~12.86%、10.53%~12.61%;3種灌溉模式下,水稻地上部干物質(zhì)、氮素累積速率均隨施氮量的增加而增大,且控制灌溉模式高于淺濕灌溉和常規(guī)淹灌模式,干物質(zhì)、氮素累積始盛期隨施氮量增加而提前;水稻植株平均氮素累積速率達(dá)到峰值時間比平均干物質(zhì)累積速率達(dá)到峰值時間提前11.39d;相較于常規(guī)淹灌和淺濕灌溉模式,控制灌溉模式更有利于提高水稻產(chǎn)量,其中CN2處理產(chǎn)量最大,為10272.57kg/hm2;控制灌溉模式顯著提升氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用效率和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力;相同灌溉模式下,葉、莖鞘氮素轉(zhuǎn)運率以及穗部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運貢獻(xiàn)率隨施氮量增加而減小。水稻產(chǎn)量與灌溉水分利用效率、水分生產(chǎn)效率、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)利用效率、百千克籽粒吸氮量之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),與氮素籽粒生產(chǎn)效率之間呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01)。適宜水氮耦合模式可提高水稻產(chǎn)量和氮素吸收利用,綜合考慮CN2處理為最佳水氮耦合模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to find out the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on rice yield formation and nitrogen absorption and utilization in black soil area, three irrigation models, i.e., conventional flooded irrigation (F), shallow wet irrigation (W) and controlled irrigation (C), and four nitrogen application levels, i.e., 0kg/hm2, 85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2 and 135kg/hm2(N0, N1, N2, N3), were set up in the experiment. The effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on dry matter, yield, nitrogen uptake and transport, water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied. The results showed that under conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, dry matter accumulation was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while under controlled irrigation, dry matter accumulation was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen accumulation in different organs of rice shoot was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the same nitrogen application level, the nitrogen accumulation in leaves, stem sheaths, and panicle of the controlled irrigation mode was increased by 27.80%~43.42%, 18.32%~24.97% and 13.85%~24.25% compared with conventional flooded irrigation, which was increased by 0.96%~13.18%, 10.73%~12.86% and 10.53%~12.61% compared with shallow wet irrigation. Under the three irrigation modes, the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation rates of rice shoot were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the controlled irrigation mode was higher than shallow wet irrigation and conventional flooded irrigation mode, and the initial peak of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation was advanced with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The peak time of the average nitrogen accumulation rate was 11.39d earlier than that of the average dry matter accumulation rate. Compared with conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, controlled irrigation was more beneficial to increase rice yield, and CN2 treatment had the highest yield, which was 10272.57kg/hm2. The controlled irrigation model significantly improved the agronomic N use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N. Under the same irrigation mode, the nitrogen transport rate in leaves and stem sheaths and the contribution rate of nitrogen transport in panicle were decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. There were significant positive correlations between rice yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic N use efficiency and 100kg grain nitrogen uptake(P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with grain production efficiency of nitrogen (P<0.01). Appropriate water and nitrogen coupling mode can increase rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization. Comprehensive consideration of CN2 treatment was the best water and nitrogen coupling mode.

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秦子元,張忠學(xué),孫迪,宋健,張作合,李鐵成.水氮耦合對黑土稻作產(chǎn)量與氮素吸收利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2021,52(12):324-335,357. QIN Ziyuan, ZHANG Zhongxue, SUN Di, SONG Jian, ZHANG Zuohe, LI Tiecheng. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Black Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):324-335,357.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-10-14
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