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大豆壟上雙行免耕播種機(jī)鋸齒式開溝器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2020YFD1000903)和黑龍江省應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(GA19B101)


Design and Experiment of Zigzag Opener for Double-row No-tillage Seeding on Soybean Ridge
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    摘要:

    在玉米-大豆輪作免耕種植模式下,針對(duì)玉米根土結(jié)合體較大且壟向分布不均勻,阻礙大豆壟上雙行播種開溝器壟向運(yùn)動(dòng),導(dǎo)致播種深度均勻性和行距一致性較差等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種鋸齒式大豆壟上雙行播種開溝器。在闡述鋸齒式大豆壟上雙行播種開溝器結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)前刀曲線進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),推導(dǎo)出前刀曲線方程;分析了側(cè)刃切割根系力學(xué)模型,確定側(cè)刃為鋸齒形;對(duì)玉米根土結(jié)合體進(jìn)行農(nóng)藝學(xué)測(cè)量,確定了鋸齒形側(cè)刃的關(guān)鍵參數(shù);根據(jù)大豆播種的農(nóng)藝要求,明確了開溝器主體內(nèi)導(dǎo)種管以交錯(cuò)形式布置,同時(shí)確定了鋸齒式開溝器的入土隙角為5°。離散元仿真試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:鋸齒式開溝器能有效切斷玉米根系且有較優(yōu)的工作穩(wěn)定性,進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。在機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度7km/h、開溝深度50mm條件下,以根系切斷率為主要指標(biāo)進(jìn)行田間性能試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:鋸齒形側(cè)刃有較強(qiáng)的鋸切能力,平均根系切斷率達(dá)97.25%。與雙圓盤開溝器進(jìn)行田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:鋸齒式開溝器比雙圓盤開溝器開溝深度變異系數(shù)降低43.33%、種子橫向距離變異系數(shù)降低60.81%。仿真試驗(yàn)和田間試驗(yàn)均表明鋸齒式開溝器滿足免耕大豆壟上雙行播種農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Under the corn-soybean rotation no-tillage planting mode, the corn root-soil combination is large and the ridge distribution is uneven, which hinders the ridge movement of the double-row sowing opener on the soybean ridge, resulting in the uniformity of the seeding depth and the consistency of the row spacing. For poor problems, a double-row sowing opener on a sawtooth soybean ridge was designed. Based on the description of the structure and working principle of the double-row sowing opener on the zigzag soybean ridge, the rake curve was designed, and the rake curve equation was deduced;the mechanical model of the side cutting root system was analyzed, and the side cutting was determined to be sawtooth. The agronomic measurement of the corn root-soil combination determined the key parameters of the sawtooth side edge;according to the agronomic requirements of soybean seeding, it was clear that the seed guide tube in the main body of the opener was arranged in a staggered manner, and the sawtooth opening was determined. The gap angle of the ditch device was 5°. The results of the discrete element simulation verification test showed that the sawtooth opener can effectively cut the corn root system and had better working stability, which verified the rationality of the design idea. Under the conditions of a forward speed of 7km/h and a trenching depth of 50mm, the field performance test was conducted with the root cutting rate as the main indicator. The results showed that the serrated side edge had a strong sawing ability, and the average root cutting rate was 97.25%. Field comparison experiments with double-disc openers showed that compared with double-disc openers, the coefficient of variation of trenching depth was reduced by 43.33%, and the coefficient of variation of transverse seed spacing was reduced by 60.81%. Both the simulation test and the field test showed that the sawtooth opener met the agronomic requirements of double-row sowing on no-till soybean ridges.

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趙淑紅,楊羅羅,張?chǎng)?侯磊濤,袁溢文,楊悅乾.大豆壟上雙行免耕播種機(jī)鋸齒式開溝器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(1):74-84. ZHAO Shuhong, YANG Luoluo, ZHANG Xin, HOU Leitao, YUAN Yiwen, YANG Yueqian. Design and Experiment of Zigzag Opener for Double-row No-tillage Seeding on Soybean Ridge[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):74-84.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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