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窄行密植西洋參精密播種機設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51975238、51875229)和湖北省農業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目


Design and Experiment of Narrow-row-dense-planting Precision Planter for American Ginseng
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有條播或大行株距穴播機難以滿足西洋參窄行密植精密播種農藝要求、西洋參機械化種植缺乏適用播種機械的問題,設計了一種采用多行并聯(lián)氣力針式排種裝置和行星輪點播式導種裝置的窄行密植西洋參精密播種機。闡述了播種機及排種裝置結構原理與整機傳動方案,重點設計了行星輪點播式全約束導種裝置,通過機構分析確定了行星輪系的結構參數(shù);通過卸種過程理論分析和高速攝影試驗,明確了卸種軌跡影響因素和卸種水平位移,確定了導種裝置插播器接種口尺寸和合適卸種正壓;通過導種軌跡理論與仿真分析,明確了插播器運動規(guī)律和低位零速投種條件,確定了導種裝置投種控制凸輪輪廓。播種機田間試驗結果表明,當吸種負壓為-4.5kPa、卸種正壓為3.0kPa、作業(yè)速度為0.54km/h時,設計的播種機穴粒數(shù)合格率為86.2%,重播率為4.4%,空穴率為9.4%,播深合格率為92.8%,穴距合格率為93.9%,滿足西洋參播種農藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Considering the problems that the existing drill or large row spacing hole-drop planter could not meet the agronomy requirements of American ginseng for narrow-row-dense-planting precision planting, and the mechanized planting of American ginseng lacked suitable planting machinery, a narrow-row-dense-planting precision planter for American ginseng was designed, which adopted multi-row parallel pneumatic needle seed metering device and planet-wheel dibbling seed guiding device. The structure principle of the planter and seed metering device was expounded and the transmission scheme of the whole machine was designed. The planet-wheel dibbling full-constrained seed guiding device was designed emphatically. The structural parameters of planetary gear systems were determined through mechanism analysis. The theoretical analysis and high-speed photography experiment of seed unloading process were carried out to determine the horizontal displacement and influencing factors of seed unloading trajectory, and determine the opening size of inserting apparatus of seed guiding device and the appropriate pressure of seed unloading. The theory and simulation analysis of seed guiding trajectory were carried out to determine the motion law of inserting apparatus and the low-position zero-speed dropping condition, and determine the profile of dropping control cam of seed guiding device. The results of field validation experiment showed that when the negative pressure of seed suction was -4.5kPa, the positive pressure of seed unloading was 3.0kPa and the working speed was 0.54km/h, the qualified rate of seed per hole was 86.2%, the multiple rate was 4.4%, the seed-missing rate was 9.4%, the qualified rate of seed depth was 92.8%, and the qualified rate of hole distance was 93.9%, which met the agronomy requirements of American ginseng planting.

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廖宜濤,李成良,廖慶喜,張百祥,鄭娟,杜錚.窄行密植西洋參精密播種機設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(1):92-103. LIAO Yitao, LI Chengliang, LIAO Qingxi, ZHANG Baixiang, ZHENG Juan, DU Zheng. Design and Experiment of Narrow-row-dense-planting Precision Planter for American Ginseng[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):92-103.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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