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基于圓柱凸輪的株距可調(diào)式取苗末端執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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陜西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019ZDLNY02-04)


Design and Experiment of Adjustable Spacing End-effector Based on Cylindrical Cam
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    摘要:

    穴盤苗疏植移栽是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)育苗的關(guān)鍵步驟,可為幼苗提供優(yōu)良的生長環(huán)境,實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收。針對疏植移栽環(huán)節(jié)中,可調(diào)株距設(shè)備自動(dòng)化程度低,人工作業(yè)效率低下,易損苗傷苗等問題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于圓柱凸輪的株距可調(diào)式取苗末端執(zhí)行器,可實(shí)現(xiàn)不同株距之間的疏植移栽作業(yè)。首先,對末端執(zhí)行器整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),確定其工作原理;其次,通過理論分析確定圓柱凸輪與取苗手指各關(guān)鍵參數(shù),并分析其作業(yè)狀態(tài)下受力情況;然后,利用EDEM與Recur Dyn建立苗缽根土復(fù)合模型,進(jìn)行耦合仿真單因素模擬試驗(yàn),確定后續(xù)正交試驗(yàn)因素范圍;最后,搭建了穴盤幼苗疏植移栽試驗(yàn)平臺,以取苗針夾角、入土角、取苗針間距和變距速度為試驗(yàn)因素,以苗缽最大形變量和移栽成功率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn)。在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為取苗針夾角10°、入土角4°、取苗針間距8mm、變距速度5mm/s下,選取128穴至72穴與72穴至50穴兩種疏植移栽要求進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),移栽后128穴缽體形變量平均值為(1.13±0.68)mm,72穴缽體形變量平均值為(1.51±0.64)mm??傄圃猿晒β蕿?3.33%,整機(jī)移栽效率為22株/min,滿足不同穴盤規(guī)格疏植作業(yè)需求,適用性強(qiáng)。

    Abstract:

    The sparse planting and transplanting of plug seedlings is a key step in the cultivation of seedlings in facility agriculture, which can provide an excellent growth environment for seedlings and increase production and income. Aiming at the problems of low automation degree of adjustable plant spacing equipment, inefficient manual work, vulnerable to seedling damage and injury in the process of thinning and transplanting, a plant spacing adjustable seedling end-effector was designed based on cylindrical cam, which can realize thinning and transplanting between different plant spacings. First of all, the overall structure of the end-effector was designed and its working principle was determined. Secondly, through theoretical analysis, the key parameters of the cylindrical cam and the finger were determined, and the stress condition under operation was analyzed. Thirdly, EDEM and Recur Dyn were used to establish a composite model of seeding bowl root-soil for coupling simulation single factor simulation test, and the factor range of subsequent orthogonal test was determined. Finally, a transplanting test platform for plug seedlings was built, and orthogonal tests were carried out with the seedling needle included angle, penetrating angle, seedling needle spacing and variable pitch speed as test factors, and the seeding bowl deformation quantity and the transplanting success rate as test indexes. The experimental results showed that the primary and secondary influence order of test factors on the seeding bowl deformation quantity were penetrating angle, variable pitch speed, seedling needle included angle, seedling needle spacing. And the primary and secondary influence order of test factors on the transplanting success rate were seedling needle spacing, penetrating angle, pitch change speed, seedling needle included angle. The verification test was carried out under the optimal parameter combination with seedling needle angle of 10°, penetrating angle of 4°, seedling needle spacing of 8mm, and pitch change speed of 5mm/s, and the plug seedlings were transplanted from 128cell to 72cell and from 72cell to 50cell respectively. The average seeding bowl deformation quantity of 128cell was (1.13±0.68)mm, and the average seeding bowl deformation quantity of 72cell was (1.51±0.64)mm. The total success rate of transplant was 93.33%, and the transplanting efficiency of the whole machine was 22 plants/min. It satisfied the needs of different plug tray specifications and had strong applicability. The research result can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research of the thinning and transplanting operation device.

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崔永杰,衛(wèi)詠哲,丁辛亭,崔功佩,何智,王明輝.基于圓柱凸輪的株距可調(diào)式取苗末端執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(1):104-114,122. CUI Yongjie, WEI Yongzhe, DING Xinting, CUI Gongpei, HE Zhi, WANG Minghui. Design and Experiment of Adjustable Spacing End-effector Based on Cylindrical Cam[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):104-114,122.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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