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油菜割曬機雙曲柄平面五桿撥禾輪設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702100)、財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-12-01A)和中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(S201921)


Design and Test of Double Crank Planar Five-bar Reel in Rape Windrower
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    摘要:

    為減少油菜割曬機撥禾輪易纏繞和掛禾等問題,提出了一種雙曲柄平面五桿撥禾輪機構(gòu),建立了該撥禾輪機構(gòu)的運動學(xué)分析模型。根據(jù)雙曲柄平面五桿機構(gòu)存在的約束條件,基于編制的撥禾輪撥指運動分析程序,采用人機交互方式得到了一組滿足油菜割曬撥禾要求的撥禾輪機構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,實現(xiàn)了撥禾輪撥指低速入禾、加速推送、快速出禾和撥指翻轉(zhuǎn)的動作要求,與偏心式撥禾輪相比,同等回轉(zhuǎn)半徑和轉(zhuǎn)速下,增大了撥指動態(tài)軌跡“環(huán)扣”的高度和寬度。分析了撥禾輪機架初始安裝角度以及機具前進速度等參數(shù)變化對撥禾輪撥指運動狀態(tài)、速度、加速度和軌跡的影響,分析得出撥指在一個旋轉(zhuǎn)周期內(nèi)速度為非勻速變化,撥禾過程撥指速度緩慢變化,加速度無突變,通過撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速和機具前進速度合理匹配,可實現(xiàn)零速扶禾,對油菜穗頭沖擊小,減少纏繞。對比分析得出雙曲柄平面五桿機構(gòu)撥禾輪的撥禾輪線速度比可以按撥禾輪勻速轉(zhuǎn)動并以撥禾輪軸為中心的撥指尖靜態(tài)軌跡最小內(nèi)接圓半徑為長度的圓周線速度近似計算。開展了雙曲柄平面五桿機構(gòu)撥禾輪和偏心式撥禾輪油菜割曬機對比試驗,田間試驗表明,相同試驗條件下,采用雙曲柄平面五桿機構(gòu)撥禾輪的割曬機鋪放角度不大于25°,鋪放角度差不大于8°,撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速對鋪放角度的影響不顯著(P=0.165>0.1),撥禾輪類型差異對鋪放角度的影響極顯著(P=0.002<0.05)。撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速對鋪放角度差的影響不顯著(P=0.750>0.1),撥禾輪類型差異對鋪放角度差的影響顯著(P=0.015<0.1),雙曲柄平面五桿機構(gòu)撥禾輪試驗全程未出現(xiàn)撥禾輪掛禾和纏繞現(xiàn)象。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems such as easy winding and hanging of the reel of rape windrower, a double crank plane five-bar reel mechanism was proposed, and the kinematic analysis model of the reel mechanism was established. According to the constraints of the double crank plane five-bar mechanism, based on the compiled reel finger movement analysis program, a set of structural parameter combinations of the reel mechanism meeting the requirements of rape cutting reel was obtained by human-computer interaction. The movement requirements of the reel’s finger for low-speed entry, accelerated push, fast delivery and finger upturned was realized. Compared with the eccentric reel, the dynamic trajectory of the reel was increased at the same turning radius and revolving speed. Height and width of the reel buckle of the reel finger dynamic trajectory were increased. The influence of the initial structure angle of the reel and the advancement speed of the machine on the motion state, speed, acceleration and trajectory of the reel finger was analyzed. The analysis showed that the speed of the reel finger was changed at a non-uniform speed during a rotation period, the reel finger speed was changed slowly during the reeling process, and there was no sudden change in acceleration. By reasonably matching the reel rotation speed and the forward speed of the machine, zero-speed lifting of the grains could be realized, the impact on the rape head was small, and the twine was reduced. The comparative analysis showed that the ratio of the reel linear velocity of the double crank plane five-bar mechanism reel can be obtained by approximately calculating the circumferential linear velocity of the finger tip static trajectory with the reel axis as the center and the minimum inscribed circle radius as the length at a constant rotated speed. A comparative test of double crank plane five-bar mechanism reel and cam-action reel for rape swathing was carried out. Field experiments showed that the laying angle and angle difference was respectively less than or equal to 25°and 8°of the windrower with double crank planar five-bar mechanism reel under the same test conditions. The effect of the reel speed on the laying angle was not significant (P=0.165>0.1), and the difference of the reel type had an extremely significant effect on the laying angle (P=0.002<0.05). The reel speed had no significant influence on the laying angle difference (P=0.750>0.1), the reel difference had a significant influence on the laying angle difference(P=0.015<0.1). There was no hanging and entanglement of the double crank plane five-bar mechanism reel in the whole test. The research result can provide the basis for the improvement of swathing laying regularity and reducing entanglement and hanging of rape windrower.

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張敏,金梅,王剛,梁蘇寧,吳崇友.油菜割曬機雙曲柄平面五桿撥禾輪設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(1):115-122. ZHANG Min, JIN Mei, WANG Gang, LIANG Suning, WU Chongyou. Design and Test of Double Crank Planar Five-bar Reel in Rape Windrower[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):115-122.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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