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牽引式液態(tài)肥噴灑機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(ZR2018MEE026)、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-27)和山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(SD2019NJ008)


Design and Experiment of Trailed Liquid Fertilizer Sprayer
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)目前國內(nèi)缺乏專業(yè)的液態(tài)肥噴灑機(jī),設(shè)計(jì)了主要由罐體、吸料系統(tǒng)、排料系統(tǒng)和噴灑器等部件組成的牽引式液態(tài)肥噴灑機(jī),建立了噴灑作業(yè)理論模型,并對(duì)真空泵排量、罐體結(jié)構(gòu)、噴嘴噴射速度等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算。采用仿真軟件對(duì)噴灑器散射擋板形狀、散射擋板朝向、噴嘴形狀和噴嘴噴射速度等關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行了仿真分析,結(jié)果表明,為達(dá)到較好的噴灑效果,應(yīng)采用扇形散射擋板、圓錐形噴嘴和13m/s左右的噴射速度,散射擋板與水平面呈正夾角。以噴灑幅寬、均勻性變異系數(shù)、平均厚度為噴灑性能指標(biāo),采用正交試驗(yàn)對(duì)噴灑作業(yè)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化仿真,得出對(duì)噴灑幅寬影響顯著的因素是散射擋板長軸長度,對(duì)地面水平均厚度影響顯著的因素是散射擋板傾斜角,各個(gè)因素對(duì)于噴灑均勻變異性系數(shù)的影響不顯著。結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),當(dāng)行進(jìn)速度5km/h時(shí),優(yōu)先選取散射擋板與水平夾角35°、散射擋板長軸長度32cm、噴射速度13m/s和噴嘴高度1m,可得試驗(yàn)噴灑幅寬為11m,地面水平均厚度為1.65mm,噴灑均勻性變異系數(shù)CV為34.86%,仿真分析與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性,達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),滿足使用要求。

    Abstract:

    There are few studies on the design and optimization of liquid fertilizer sprayer, a trailed liquid fertilizer sprayer was designed, which mainly composed of tank, suction system and discharge system. The theoretical model of spraying operation was established, and the key parameters such as vacuum pump displacement, tank structure and nozzle outlet flow rate were designed and calculated. The key factors such as the shape of scattering baffle, orientation of scattering baffle, shape of nozzle and flow velocity of nozzle outlet were simulated and analyzed. The analysis showed that the ideal spraying effect can be achieved by selecting fan-shaped scattering baffle, positive angle between scattering baffle and horizontal plane, circular nozzle and outlet velocity of about 13m/s. Taking the radiation width, uniformity variation coefficient and average thickness of spraying as the spraying performance indexes, the spraying operation was optimized and simulated by orthogonal experiment. It was concluded that the significant factor affecting the spraying width was the longitudinal axis length of the scattering baffle, and the significant factor affecting the horizontal average thickness of the ground was the inclination angle of the scattering baffle, each factor had little effect on the coefficient of variation of spraying uniformity. Combined with the design goal, when the traveling speed was 5km/h, the included angle between the scattering baffle and the horizontal was 35°, the longitudinal axis length of the scattering baffle was 32cm, the outlet flow rate was 13m/s and the nozzle height was 1m. The test spraying width was 11m, the average ground thickness was 1.65mm, and the spraying uniformity variation coefficient CV was 34.86%. The simulation analysis was basically consistent with the test results, which verified the accuracy and reliability of the design. The design goal was achieved, the application requirements were met, and some data support was provided for the spraying research of liquid fertilizer.

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楊延強(qiáng),贠瑩瑩,陳兆英,范國強(qiáng),董和銀,王玉亮.牽引式液態(tài)肥噴灑機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(1):159-167. YANG Yanqiang, YUN Yingying, CHEN Zhaoying, FAN Guoqiang, DONG Heyin, WANG Yuliang. Design and Experiment of Trailed Liquid Fertilizer Sprayer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):159-167.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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