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基于SWAT的積雪消融對高寒區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤水分影響模擬
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400101、2017YFC0504203)


Simulation on Effect of Snowmelt on Cropland Soil Moisture within Basin in High Latitude Cold Region Using SWAT
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    摘要:

    為明確我國高寒區(qū)積雪消融對春季農(nóng)田土壤水分的作用,針對氣象站點監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、遙感及陸面模式同化數(shù)據(jù)在時空分辨率方面存在的不足,以地處黑龍江省中部的呼蘭河流域為例,利用SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模擬流域降雪、積雪、融雪等過程,研究流域內(nèi)降雪、積雪、融雪的時空變化特征及其對春季農(nóng)田土壤水分的影響。結(jié)果表明:呼蘭河流域的平均降雪量、最大日積雪量、融雪量空間分布呈現(xiàn)自西向東逐漸增加的相近特征;積雪量、降雪量、融雪量變化率的空間分布特征相近,這些變化率在流域內(nèi)大部分區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)增長趨勢;降雪量、積雪量、融雪量的年時間序列關(guān)系密切,與土壤水分的年際變化趨勢相近,農(nóng)田土壤水分的年際變化受降水量影響較大;上年11月至當(dāng)年3月的各月積雪量、上年11月降雪量、當(dāng)年4月融雪量與當(dāng)年春季4、5月農(nóng)田土壤水分含量的相關(guān)性較顯著;融雪水在3月下旬至4月上旬補給土壤水分,能夠促使農(nóng)田土壤水分短期上升,積雪量決定了融雪水對農(nóng)田土壤水分的補給作用;農(nóng)田土壤水分在融雪前下降趨勢平緩,但在融雪后急劇下降。

    Abstract:

    The objective was to clarify the effects of the snowmelt on cropland soil moisture in spring of the high latitude cold region in China. The Hulan River Basin, which locates at the middle Heilongjiang Province, was adopted as the study area. In consideration of the deficiencies of spatial and temporal resolution of monitoring station data, remote sensing data and land surface model assimilation data, the hydrological processes such as snowfall, snow cover, and snow melting were simulated using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Research on spatial and temporal characteristics of snowfall, snow cover and snowmelt and their effects on the cropland soil moisture in spring of the Hulan River Basin were carried out. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of the average snowfall, the maximum daily snow cover, snowmelt within the Hulan River Basin showed a similar characteristic that gradually increased from west to east;the change rates of snow cover, snowfall and snowmelt exhibited the similar spatial distribution characteristics and these change rates showed increasing trend at most areas within the basin;the close relationships existed among the series of annual snowfall, snow cover and snowmelt, that were similar to the interannual variation trend of soil moisture, and the interannual variation of cropland soil moisture was greatly affected by precipitation. A related significant correlation existed between the snow cover in a period from the last November to the current March, the snowfall in the last November, snowmelt in current April, and the cropland soil moisture in April and May of the current year. The snowmelt water recharged the soil moisture from the late March to the early April, which could promote the shortterm increase of soil moisture, and the amount of snow cover determined the replenishment of snowmelt water to cropland soil moisture;the change trends of soil moisture were gently decreased before snowmelt, whereas significantly decreased after snowmelt ended.

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王斌,郭帥帥,馮杰,黃金柏,宮興龍.基于SWAT的積雪消融對高寒區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤水分影響模擬[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(1):271-278. WANG Bin, GUO Shuaishuai, FENG Jie, HUANG Jinbai, GONG Xinglong. Simulation on Effect of Snowmelt on Cropland Soil Moisture within Basin in High Latitude Cold Region Using SWAT[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):271-278.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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