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鹽漬化土壤剖面鹽分與養(yǎng)分分布特征及鹽分遷移估算
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51879132、51769024)、內(nèi)蒙古科技重大專項(zdzx2018059)和內(nèi)蒙古水利科技重大專項(nsk2018-M5)


Distribution Characteristics of Salinity and Nutrients in Salinized Soil Profile and Estimation of Salt Migration
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    摘要:

    針對鹽漬化灌區(qū)土壤鹽漬化問題,以內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)下游烏拉特灌域為研究區(qū),通過野外實測與室內(nèi)試驗分析結(jié)合,采用冗余分析法探討了鹽漬化改良耕地與荒地春季(4月)和秋季(10月)根層土壤(0~20cm、20~40cm)鹽分離子與全鹽、pH值、養(yǎng)分之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,明確了其變化特征與數(shù)量關(guān)系,并估算了試驗區(qū)改良耕地和荒地間1m土體的鹽分遷移量。結(jié)果表明,改良耕地與荒地土壤陰離子均以Cl-為主,分別占陰離子總量的45.27%、58.78%,陽離子以Na+為主,分別占陽離子總量的60.67%、53.94%?;牡仄骄}含量超過7.0g/kg,土壤鹽漬化程度較重。冗余分析表明,改良耕地土壤全鹽含量起主導(dǎo)作用的是SO2-4、Cl-、Ca2+,荒地土壤全鹽含量起主導(dǎo)作用的是Cl-、Mg2+、Na+。土壤pH值變化與HCO-3有著密切的關(guān)系。改良耕地有效磷與Na+呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),荒地速效鉀與K+呈顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05),有效磷與Na+顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);在前2個排序軸中,改良耕地研究對象與環(huán)境關(guān)系的變量累積百分比分別為71.38%、71.65%,荒地研究對象與環(huán)境關(guān)系的變量累積百分比分別為89.02%、89.16%,反映出改良耕地與荒地各自的研究對象與環(huán)境變量之間的線性關(guān)系。改良耕地中Na+對全鹽、pH值、土壤養(yǎng)分的影響最大,其次是Ca2+;荒地中Na+對全鹽、pH值、土壤養(yǎng)分的影響最大,其次是K+。在作物一個生育周期內(nèi),荒地1m土體中積鹽量939.842kg/hm2。地下水補(bǔ)給將鹽分帶到土壤中,占鹽分積累量的70.06%,灌溉期改良耕地地下水遷移給荒地的鹽分集中在60~100cm土體中,占積鹽量的22.83%,改良耕地水平滲透給荒地的鹽量占積鹽量7.11%。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of soil salinization in salinized irrigation areas,taking Wulate Irrigation Area in the lower reaches of the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia as the research area,through the combination of field test and indoor test analysis, the redundancy analysis method was used to explore the correlation between salt segregation elements and total salt, pH value, and nutrients in the root layer soil (0~20cm, 20~40cm) in spring and autumn on the salinized improved cultivated land and wasteland,and its change characteristics and quantitative relationship were clarified, and the salt migration of 1m soil between the improved cultivated land and the wasteland in the experimental area was estimated. The results showed that the anions of the improved farmland and wasteland soil were mainly Cl-, accounting for 45.27% and 58.78% of the total anions, respectively, and the cations were mainly Na+, accounting for 60.67% and 53.94% of the total cations respectively. The total salt content of wasteland exceeded 7.0g/kg on average, and the degree of soil salinization was relatively serious. Redundancy analysis showed that SO2-4, Cl- and Ca2+ played the leading role in improving the total salt content of cultivated soil, and Cl-, Mg2+ and Na+ played the leading role in the total salt content of wasteland soil. The change of soil pH value was mainly related to HCO-3. Improved cultivated land had a significant negative correlation between available phosphorus and Na+ (P<0.05), wasteland available potassium had a significant positive correlation with K+ (P<0.05), and available phosphorus had a significant negative correlation with Na+ (P<0.05). In the first two ranking axes, the cumulative proportion of changes in the relationship between the cultivated land research object and the environment was 71.38% and 71.65%, respectively. The cumulative proportions of changes in the relationship between wasteland research objects and the environment were 89.02% and 89.16%, respectively, reflecting the linear relationship between the research objects and environmental variables of the improved cultivated land and wasteland. In cultivated land, Na+ had the most important impact on total salt, pH value, and soil nutrients, followed by Ca2+;in wasteland, Na+ had the most important impact on total salt, pH value, and soil nutrients, followed by K+. In one growth cycle of crops, the amount of salt accumulated in 1m of wasteland soil was 939.842kg/hm2. Groundwater replenishment brought salt into the soil, accounting for 70.06% of the salt accumulation. The salt transferred from the cultivated land groundwater to the wasteland during the irrigation period was concentrated in the 60~100cm soil and accounted for 22.83% of the salt accumulation. The amount of salt that the cultivated land penetrated into the wasteland was 7.11% of the salt accumulation.

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竇旭,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,田峰,于丹丹.鹽漬化土壤剖面鹽分與養(yǎng)分分布特征及鹽分遷移估算[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(1):279-290,330. DOU Xu, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, TIAN Feng, YU Dandan. Distribution Characteristics of Salinity and Nutrients in Salinized Soil Profile and Estimation of Salt Migration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(1):279-290,330.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-10
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