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冬小麥精準(zhǔn)分層施肥寬苗帶播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200601)和江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金項目(BK20210776)


Design and Test on Winter Wheat Precision Separated Layer Fertilization and Wide-boundary Sowing Combined Machine
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    摘要:

    寬苗帶冬小麥種植和肥料分層施用技術(shù)具有較好的應(yīng)用推廣價值,為了促進農(nóng)藝農(nóng)機融合,設(shè)計了一款寬苗帶冬小麥分層施肥播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機,以及一套與其配套使用的精量排肥/排種控制系統(tǒng)。首先確定了聯(lián)合作業(yè)機的整體架構(gòu),并對其限深機構(gòu)、三點懸掛機構(gòu)等進行重點設(shè)計,其中限深機構(gòu)的支架安裝傾角設(shè)置為15°,使限深輪旋轉(zhuǎn)中心與旋耕機構(gòu)刀軸旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的水平間距增大115mm,以避免前拋土塊或秸稈對限深機構(gòu)正常滾動的影響,另將傳統(tǒng)三點懸掛機構(gòu)上懸掛點由球形副變換為移動副,使種肥分層投送機構(gòu)的縱向橫梁時刻與地面平行;然后開發(fā)了精量排肥/排種控制系統(tǒng),確定了嵌入式主機、液壓馬達電控驅(qū)動模塊等關(guān)鍵硬件的選型方案,設(shè)計了嵌入式主機的操作軟件界面,使聯(lián)合作業(yè)機能夠精準(zhǔn)控制深、淺層肥和種子的排量;最后對聯(lián)合作業(yè)機主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、旋耕深度等15項指標(biāo)進行檢測,試驗結(jié)果表明,聯(lián)合作業(yè)機所測指標(biāo)均滿足規(guī)定的性能要求,能夠滿足田間的肥料分層施用、寬苗帶播種農(nóng)藝技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    Wide-boundary sowing pattern of winter wheat and base-fertilizer separated layer application technology have good value for extension and application. In order to promote the integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, a winter wheat separated layer fertilization-sowing planter combined machine and a set of precision fertilizer-seed metering control system matched with the combined machine were developed. Firstly, the overall structure of combined machine was determined, and its layered delivery mechanism of seed and fertilize, depth limiting mechanism, three-point suspension mechanism and compacting mechanism were designed and elaborated. The installation angle of depth limiting mechanism was set to be 15°, and then the horizontal distances between material’s outlet orifice of layered delivery mechanism and the center of rotary tiller was increased by 115mm, which could reduce the influence of soil and straw on the normal rolling of depth limiting mechanism. Moreover, the suspension point on the traditional three-point suspension mechanism was transformed from spherical pair to moving pair, which could keep the longitudinal beam of layered delivery mechanism parallel to the ground at all times, and then improve the stable seed and fertilizer delivery depth of the combined machine. Secondly, a set of precision fertilizer-seed metering control system matched with the combined machine were developed, and then the key hardware of control system, such as embedded host, electrical control model of hydraulic motor, attitude discrimination method of machine and driving speed analysis module were also determined. Moreover, the system control model was proposed and the operation software interface of embedded host was designed. The combined machine with precision fertilizer-seed metering control system could accurately control discharge of deep fertilizer, shallow fertilizer and seed. Finally, totally 15 indexes of the combined machine with precision fertilizer-seed metering control system were tested and evaluated by a third party inspection agency inspection. The test results showed that all technical indexes of the combined machine met the specified performance requirements, and the combined machine could satisfy agronomic and agricultural machinery technical requirements of rotary tillage, separated layer fertilizer application and wide-boundary sowing of winter wheat.

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祝清震,武廣偉,朱志豪,張恒源,高原源,陳立平.冬小麥精準(zhǔn)分層施肥寬苗帶播種聯(lián)合作業(yè)機研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(2):25-35. ZHU Qingzhen, WU Guangwei, ZHU Zhihao, ZHANG Hengyuan, GAO Yuanyuan, CHEN Liping. Design and Test on Winter Wheat Precision Separated Layer Fertilization and Wide-boundary Sowing Combined Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):25-35.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-20
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