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典型地面覆蓋下黃土丘陵區(qū)干化土壤深層水分變化研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32060301)和寧夏回族自治區(qū)重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(引才專項(xiàng))(2020BEB04005)


Water Variation of Deep Desiccation Soil in Loess Hilly Area under Typical Mulching
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    摘要:

    為了探尋黃土高原丘陵區(qū)干化土壤修復(fù)措施,采用野外試驗(yàn),布設(shè)1000cm深地下土柱,并在土柱表層進(jìn)行9種不同覆蓋處理(種植刺槐、苜蓿、檸條、棗樹(shù)、早熟禾和覆蓋石子、樹(shù)枝、地布和白色地膜),以土柱表面完全裸露作為對(duì)照,用中子土壤水分儀測(cè)量0~1000cm不同深度土壤含水率,通過(guò)2014—2018年連續(xù)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn):在天然降水條件下刺槐、苜蓿、檸條和棗樹(shù)處理試驗(yàn)?zāi)杲邓霛B深度表現(xiàn)為逐年減小,最終僅有100cm,并在試驗(yàn)第2年后土壤含水率一直處在負(fù)增長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),其中刺槐、苜蓿、檸條在第4年時(shí)1000cm土柱水分均被消耗而降低,整個(gè)土柱干化程度加重,而棗樹(shù)耗水較輕,300cm以下的深層土壤干化程度并未加重;早熟禾年降水入滲深度可達(dá)300cm,試驗(yàn)期間土壤水分消耗量小于當(dāng)年降水量,0~300cm以內(nèi)干化土壤水分得到緩解;石子、樹(shù)枝、地布和白色地膜的5年最大修復(fù)深度可達(dá)280、300、580、600cm;石子和樹(shù)枝覆蓋的土壤水分緩解深度達(dá)700cm,白色地膜和地布覆蓋土壤水分緩解深度可達(dá)1000cm;裸露地表在天然降水下土壤水分緩解深度達(dá)520cm,土壤水分修復(fù)深度達(dá)240cm。

    Abstract:

    Soil desiccation is becoming more and more serious in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, which has become an important factor restricting ecological restoration and reconstruction in the region. To find a solution to the ecological problem of dry soil remediation, a large-scale underground soil column with depth of 1000cm was planted in the field. Totally nine typical mulches were used on the surface of soil columns, separately for planting Robinia pseudoacacia, alfalfa, Caragana korshinskii, jujube and Poa pratensis, and covering stones, branches, ground cloth and white film. Taking bare soil column as control. Through the analysis of continuous observation data from 2014 to 2018, it was found that under natural precipitation conditions, infiltration depth of Robinia pseudoacacia, alfalfa, Caragana korshinskii and jujube was decreased to 100cm, after the second year of the experiment, the soil moisture in column was in a negative growth state. In the fourth year (2017), the water content of 1000cm soil column was reduced by consumption, and the drying degree of the whole soil column was deepened, among them, that planted Robinia pseudoacacia was the most heavy, and that planted jujube was the lightest. Soil moisture in columns of jujube below 300cm was not increased or consumed. The infiltration depth of Robinia pseudoacacia could reach 300cm, the water consumption during the experiment was slightly less than that of the current year precipitation, which can alleviate the drying soil within 300cm. The maximum restoration depths of covering stones, branches, ground cover and white film were 280cm, 300cm, 580cm and 600cm during the experiment, respectively. Until the fifth year, the mitigation depth of soil moisture covered with stones and branches reached 700cm,and that covered with ground cover and white film reached 1000cm. Covering white film was the best of all. Under natural precipitation, the soil moisture mitigation depth of bare soil column reached 520cm, and restoration depth reached 240cm.

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張珂萌,汪星,汪有科,李群,吳九江,張敬曉.典型地面覆蓋下黃土丘陵區(qū)干化土壤深層水分變化研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(2):336-345. ZHANG Kemeng, WANG Xing, WANG Youke, LI Qun, WU Jiujiang, ZHANG Jingxiao. Water Variation of Deep Desiccation Soil in Loess Hilly Area under Typical Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):336-345.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-24
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