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農(nóng)用柔性底盤前輪轉(zhuǎn)向動力學(xué)研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51375401)


Dynamics Research on Front Wheel Steering of Agricultural Flexible Chassis
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    摘要:

    農(nóng)用柔性底盤通過偏置轉(zhuǎn)向軸轉(zhuǎn)向,4個獨立的電動輪既要用于行進,又要驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)向,控制難度大。為探明柔性底盤前輪轉(zhuǎn)向過程的轉(zhuǎn)向特性,建立了7自由度整車動力學(xué)模型,并通過Matlab/Simulink軟件建立相應(yīng)的交互控制仿真模型,進行了不同車速下單輪驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)向與雙輪比例控制轉(zhuǎn)向的仿真與分析,根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果制定了控制策略;在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了實車的電子控制硬件與軟件系統(tǒng),進行了實車轉(zhuǎn)向試驗。結(jié)果表明:轉(zhuǎn)向時兩前轉(zhuǎn)向輪之間存在較強的耦合作用,耦合的關(guān)鍵因素是兩轉(zhuǎn)向輪轉(zhuǎn)向角偏離阿克曼轉(zhuǎn)向幾何導(dǎo)致的輪胎回正力矩,該回正力矩阻止這種偏離,同時偏離程度越大,回正力矩越大,反之亦然;前輪轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)具有較強的非線性,轉(zhuǎn)向角相同時,轉(zhuǎn)向過程中所需的車輪驅(qū)動力矩與車速的平方成正比;7自由度整車動力學(xué)模型轉(zhuǎn)向仿真結(jié)果與實測結(jié)果吻合程度較高。該研究可為柔性底盤前輪轉(zhuǎn)向通用控制策略的制定提供仿真平臺與理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    The agricultural flexible chassis (FC) is a four wheel hub motor independent drive, and four wheel omni-directional independent steering chassis. Its structure is very simple, even the steering motors used in the ordinary steer-by-wire system are cancelled. It steers through an offset steering shaft mechanism. It is very flexible and can realize special movements such as four-wheel steering, in-situ turning and lateral driving. The four independent electric wheels are used for both driving and steering, which increases the difficulty of control. In order to explore the steering characteristics of the front wheel steering process, a seven degree of freedom vehicle dynamics model was established. Based on this model, combined with the control system, a simulation model capable of interactive control was established through Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation and analysis of single-wheel drive steering and two-wheel proportional control steering at multiple vehicle velocity were carried out. Electronic control hardware and software systems of actual vehicle were designed. According to the steering characteristics obtained by the simulation and the control characteristics of the in-wheel motor, a control method was developed. Real vehicle steering tests at multiple vehicle velocity were carried out and corresponding simulations were performed. There was a strong coupling effect between the two steering wheels. The key factor causing the coupling effect was the tire aligning torques caused by the deviation of the steering angle of the two wheels from the Ackerman steering geometry, and this aligning torques prevent the deviation. The greater the deviation was, the greater the aligning torque was, and vice versa. The front wheel steering system had strong nonlinearity. When the steering angle was the same, the wheel drive torque required during the steering process was proportional to the square of the vehicle velocity. The simulation results of steering were in good agreement with the measured results. This research can provide a simulation platform and theoretical basis for the research and formulation of general control strategies for front-wheel steering.

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周福陽,郭康權(quán),張新月,賈祎涵,舒成勇.農(nóng)用柔性底盤前輪轉(zhuǎn)向動力學(xué)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(2):401-411. ZHOU Fuyang, GUO Kangquan, ZHANG Xinyue, JIA Yihan, SHU Chengyong. Dynamics Research on Front Wheel Steering of Agricultural Flexible Chassis[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):401-411.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-16
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