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導(dǎo)種環(huán)槽U型孔組合型輪式前胡排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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安徽省高校自然科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(KJ2019A0172)和安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)競爭力提升科技行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目(AHSJXY202034060014)


Design and Experiment of Wheel Seed Metering Device with Guide Ring Groove Combining U-hole for Radix peucedani
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    摘要:

    為推進(jìn)中草藥前胡全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn),解決前胡種植環(huán)節(jié)無適用播種裝置問題,設(shè)計(jì)一種導(dǎo)種環(huán)槽U型孔組合輪式排種器。闡述播種裝置及排種器的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,依據(jù)前胡種子的外形特征及主要物理力學(xué)參數(shù),分析得出排種器關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及工作參數(shù),構(gòu)建充種和排種過程中前胡種子顆粒群的力學(xué)模型。應(yīng)用離散元軟件EDEM對排種器的排種性能進(jìn)行仿真優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),研究U型孔深度、U型孔寬度和導(dǎo)種環(huán)槽傾角對平均播種量和排種均勻性變異系數(shù)的影響,采用Box-Behnken響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化法進(jìn)行三因素三水平正交仿真試驗(yàn),得到U型孔深度為4.65mm、U型孔寬度為13.63mm、導(dǎo)種環(huán)槽傾角為47.01°時(shí),平均播種量和排種均勻性變異系數(shù)分別為0.199g/s和12.37%。以排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速、種層初始充填高度為試驗(yàn)因素,以行內(nèi)排種均勻性變異系數(shù)、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)、各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行供種性能兩因素五水平二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合臺架試驗(yàn)。臺架優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為25.69r/min、種層初始充填高度為46.70mm時(shí),行內(nèi)排種均勻性變異系數(shù)、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)、各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)分別為18.62%、1.60%、2.96%,排種器工作性能最佳。田間試驗(yàn)表明,作業(yè)速度為1.2km/h時(shí),測得行內(nèi)排種均勻性變異系數(shù)、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)、各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)分別為22.54%、1.95%、3.66%,排種性能較好。該研究可為扁平不規(guī)整外形作物種子排種器設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to promote the whole mechanized production of Chinese herbal medicine and solve the problem of no suitable sowing device in the Radix peucedani planting, a kind of wheel seed metering device with guide ring groove combining U-hole was proposed. The structure and working principle of the planter and seed metering device were described. The key structural and working parameters of seed metering device were analyzed according to the shape characteristics and main physical and mechanical parameters of Radix peucedani seed. The mechanical model of seed particle group during seed filling and seed supplying was established. The performance of seed metering device was simulated and optimized by using discrete element software EDEM. The influence of U-hole depth, U-hole width and seed guide ring dip angle on average sowing amount per second and the variation coefficient of seed row uniformity were studied. Box-Behnken response surface optimization method was adopted to carry out three-factor and three-level orthogonal simulation experiment. The average sowing amount per second and variation coefficient of seeding uniformity were 0.199g/s and 12.37%, respectively, when the U-hole depth was 4.65mm, U-hole width was 13.63mm, and the seed guide ring dip angle was 47.01°. A two-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combined bench test of seed supplying performance was carried out. The test factors were set as the rotation speed of seeding wheel and the initial filling height of seed layer. The test indexes were variation coefficient of uniformity of seeding in row, variation coefficient of total seeding stability, variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row. Bench test results showed that seed metering device had the best performance when the rotation speed of seeding wheel was 25.69r/min and the initial filling height of seed layer was 46.70mm, and variation coefficient of uniformity of seeding in a row, variation coefficient of total seeding stability and variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row were 18.62%, 1.60% and 2.96%, respectively. Field test demonstrated that variation coefficient of uniformity of seeding in a row, variation coefficient of seeding uniformity and variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row were 22.54%, 1.95% and 3.66%, respectively when the planters forward speed was 1.2km/h. The research result can provide reference for the design of seed metering apparatus for flat and irregular shape crops seeds.

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方梁菲,曹成茂,秦寬,葛俊.導(dǎo)種環(huán)槽U型孔組合型輪式前胡排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(4):21-32. FANG Liangfei, CAO Chengmao, QIN Kuan, GE Jun. Design and Experiment of Wheel Seed Metering Device with Guide Ring Groove Combining U-hole for Radix peucedani[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):21-32.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-01-11
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