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組合式水稻缽苗育秧盤(pán)自動(dòng)分裝裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018C02046)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31971798)、浙江省151人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目和浙江省高校中青年學(xué)科帶頭人培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Automatic Assembly Line for Combined Type Rice Potted-seedling Tray
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    摘要:

    現(xiàn)有水稻缽苗育秧播種流水線(xiàn)前端的秧盤(pán)分離供應(yīng)尚未完全自動(dòng)化,特別是軟缽盤(pán)的分離。為減少勞動(dòng)力,降低人工成本,本文采用硬托盤(pán)與常規(guī)育秧軟缽盤(pán)組合配套,設(shè)計(jì)一套水稻缽苗育秧盤(pán)的自動(dòng)分裝流水線(xiàn),包括分離軟缽盤(pán)的指夾式真空吸盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu)、分離硬托盤(pán)的滑塊連桿機(jī)構(gòu)及其組合而成的套盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu),用于實(shí)現(xiàn)組合式育秧盤(pán)中軟缽盤(pán)和硬托盤(pán)的逐個(gè)分離和套盤(pán)組裝,以滿(mǎn)足育秧播種流水線(xiàn)前端的秧盤(pán)全自動(dòng)供應(yīng)。設(shè)計(jì)一種柔性抓取的指夾式真空吸盤(pán),吸管采用3D打印方式加工,并通過(guò)鉸鏈對(duì)稱(chēng)安裝,模擬人類(lèi)手指的抓取動(dòng)作。采用真空吸附的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)軟缽盤(pán)的柔性抓取,不會(huì)對(duì)軟缽盤(pán)表面造成損壞。利用ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)軟缽盤(pán)受到真空吸盤(pán)吸附提升時(shí)的變形程度進(jìn)行分析,確定8組真空吸盤(pán)的合理布局。利用ADAMS動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件對(duì)分離硬托盤(pán)的滑塊連桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,確定最佳的升降高度以及連桿的開(kāi)合角度。設(shè)計(jì)并搭建樣機(jī)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)分離套盤(pán)效率為600盤(pán)/h時(shí),分離套盤(pán)成功率為93.25%,整機(jī)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,符合設(shè)計(jì)要求,滿(mǎn)足一般水稻工廠化育秧播種流水線(xiàn)的工作要求。

    Abstract:

    Current rice potted-seedling production line fails to achieve full automation, especially the separation and supply of potted-seedling tray. A set of combined type rice potted-seedling tray consisting of a soft potted-seedling tray and its supporting hard tray was proposed, and an automatic assembly line was developed. The assembly line consisted of a separation mechanism for soft potted-seedling tray based on finger-clamp vacuum suction cup and a separation mechanism for hard tray based on linkage mechanism combined with a lifting platform, and by combining them to form a tray embedding mechanism. A vacuum suction cup was designed to be installed symmetrically through hinges to mimic the grasping action of human fingers. The vacuum adsorption method was used to clamp the soft potted-seedling tray without damaging the surface of the soft potted-seedling tray. The diameter of vacuum suction cup was determined to be 8mm through calculation. ANSYS was used to analyze the horizontal deformation of the soft potted-seedling tray when it was adsorbed and lifted by the vacuum sucker, and eight groups of vacuum suckers were determined and the reasonable layout was carried out to ensure that the deformation of the soft tray during lifting was less than 1mm. The results of simulation and practical test verified the feasibility of the design. The kinematics analysis of the linkage mechanism was carried out by using ADAMS, and the optimal lifting height of the lifting platform and the opening and closing angle of the connecting rod were determined. Therefore, the cylinder stroke used by the hard tray separation mechanism was selected as 30mm. The control system of the whole machine was designed, and the movement of the whole machine was realized by the combination of stepping motor and cylinder. Through the analysis of motion flow and timetable, the travel switch was selected as the common signal of the two parts of the mechanism to carry out appropriate timing distribution and ensure the highest efficiency. The overall machine was modeled using SolidWorks. Based on the machine model, the prototype was manufactured, and the experiments of separating and embedding tray were carried out. 220V single-phase alternative current was used to power the air compressor and the prototype machine. The pressure regulating valve of the main pneumatic circuit was set to be 0.45MPa. The experimental results showed that the success rate of the hard tray separation mechanism was 97%, and the efficiency was 1000 trays/h. The success rate of separation mechanism for soft potted-seedling tray was 94.25%. When the speed of separation and embedding tray was 600 sets/h, the success rate was 93.25%. The assembly line ran smoothly, and there was no cumulative deviation in multiple tests, which met the working requirements of the rice seeding line.

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馬锃宏,孫澤強(qiáng),杜小強(qiáng),李月嬋,俞亞新.組合式水稻缽苗育秧盤(pán)自動(dòng)分裝裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(4):33-42. MA Zenghong, SUN Zeqiang, DU Xiaoqiang, LI Yuechan, YU Yaxin. Design and Experiment of Automatic Assembly Line for Combined Type Rice Potted-seedling Tray[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):33-42.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-24
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2022-02-17
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