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四桿平移式大豆小區(qū)育種排種器設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0201001)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務費項目(2572017BF03)和東北林業(yè)大學橫向課題項目(43221026)


Design and Experiment of Four-bar Translational Seed Metering Device for Soybean Plot Breeding
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    摘要:

    針對大豆小區(qū)育種清換種作業(yè)操作繁瑣的問題,本文設計了四桿平移式大豆小區(qū)育種排種器。采用平行連桿機構配合可旋轉的排種盤完成清換種作業(yè),根據(jù)大豆小區(qū)育種作業(yè)要求對整機關鍵部件進行了設計,通過理論分析確定了大豆充種下限角度與排種盤轉速的關系,以及排種器的排種盤直徑、型孔尺寸、型孔數(shù)量、毛刷角度等結構參數(shù)數(shù)值。采用離散元軟件進行仿真,模擬了排種器的排種過程,首先分析并驗證了排種盤轉速與下限角度的關系,進而在此試驗基礎上分析了種箱厚度對殘余種子數(shù)的影響,試驗結果表明:下限角度隨排種盤轉速增大逐漸減小,殘留種子數(shù)隨種箱厚度增加先減小后增大,并確定了下限角度119°、種箱厚度11mm為排種器的優(yōu)化結構參數(shù)。在最優(yōu)參數(shù)下的田間試驗表明:在理論粒距下排種器順利清換種,作業(yè)結束后種箱內無種子殘留,同時在作業(yè)速度3.6km/h時粒距平均合格指數(shù)87.61%、重播指數(shù)6.63%、漏播指數(shù)5.75%,均達到優(yōu)等品標準。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the cumbersome operation of soybean plot breeding and replacement operations, a four-bar translational soybean plot breeding and metering device was designed. The parallel link mechanism and the rotatable seeding disc were used to complete the cleaning and changing operations. The key components of the whole machine were designed according to the requirements of soybean plot breeding operations. The relationship between the lower limit angle of soybean filling and the rotation speed of the seeding disc was determined through theory, and the numerical values of the structure parameters such as the diameter of the seeding disc, the size of the hole, the number of the hole, and the angle of the brush of the seed metering device were also determined. The discrete element software was used for simulation to simulate the seed metering process of the seed metering device. Firstly, the relationship between the rotation speed of the seed metering disk and the lower limit angle was analyzed and verified, and then the influence of the thickness of the seed box on the number of residual seeds was analyzed based on this experiment. The test results showed that the lower limit angle was gradually decreased with the increase of the rotation speed of the seeding disc, and the number of residual seeds was firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of the seed box thickness. The lower limit angle of 119° and the seed box thickness of 11mm were determined as the optimization of the seed metering device structural parameters. The field test under the optimal parameters showed that the seed metering device was smoothly cleaned and replaced under the theoretical seed spacing, and there was no seed residue in the seed box after the operation. At the same time, the average qualified index of the seed spacing was 87.61% at the operating speed of 3.6km/h. The rebroadcast index was 6.63% and the missed broadcast index was 5.75%, both of which reached the standard of excellent products.

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頓國強,毛寧,劉文輝,吳星澎,周成,紀文義.四桿平移式大豆小區(qū)育種排種器設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(4):70-78. DUN Guoqiang, MAO Ning, LIU Wenhui, WU Xingpeng, ZHOU Cheng, JI Wenyi. Design and Experiment of Four-bar Translational Seed Metering Device for Soybean Plot Breeding[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):70-78.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-04-20
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