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免耕播種機側向清秸覆秸秸稈比例回收裝置設計與試驗
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財政部和農業(yè)農村部:國家現(xiàn)代農業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(GARS-04)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0201004)


Design and Experiment of Straw Proportional Recovery Device for Clearing and Covering Straw of No-tillage Planter
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    摘要:

    為解決中國麥玉豆主產(chǎn)區(qū)在利用秸稈促進作物綠色增產(chǎn)增效、保護耕地的同時,輕簡化回收多余秸稈促進其資源化利用等問題,基于原茬地免耕精量播種機側向清秸覆秸原理,設計了一種秸稈比例回收裝置,借助秸稈被免耕播種機播前清理具有的機械能使其沿導流板滑移至機械能耗盡,彈齒“順勢”將其拋送至擠壓裝置進行回收。應用高速攝像技術探明了秸稈側向拋撒運動規(guī)律,通過理論分析確定了影響裝置工作性能的關鍵結構與作業(yè)參數(shù)及其取值范圍,并采用三因素五水平二次回歸正交旋轉中心組合試驗方法,以作業(yè)速度、滾筒轉速和彈齒偏角為試驗因素,以秸稈回收比率和含雜率為評價指標,實施參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化試驗,結果表明:在參數(shù)組合為作業(yè)速度5.4~7.2km/h、滾筒轉速95r/min、彈齒偏角49°時,秸稈回收比率大于94%、含雜率小于5%。研究結果為研制原茬地免耕播種秸稈覆蓋還田同步比例回收復式作業(yè)機提供了理論和技術支持。

    Abstract:

    To solve the problem of recycling surplus straw in a lightened and simplified way and promote its resource utilization, as well as using crop straw to increase crop yield and benefit and protect arable land in main producing areas of wheat-maize-soybean in China, a straw proportion recovery device was designed based on principle of lateral straw clearing and covering of no-tillage precision planter applied in original stubble field. Using the mechanical energy of the lateral casting of straw by no-tillage planter to efficiently clean and recycle the excess straw. The straw lateral throwing movement rule was proven by applying high-speed camera technology, the key structure and operation parameters influencing performance of device and their value range were determined by theoretical analysis. Three factors five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotary center combination experiment method was applied to carry out parameters combination optimization experiment with operation speed, drum rotating speed and spring-tooth deviation angle as experimental factors, and straw recycling rate and impurity content as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on straw recovery ratio was working speed, spring tooth deviation angle and drum speed, and the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on impurity ratio was spring tooth deviation angle, working speed and drum speed. When operation speed was 5.4~7.2km/h, drum rotation speed was 95r/min, and spring-tooth deviation angle was 49°, straw recycling rate was more than 94% and impurity content was less than 5%. The results provided theoretical and technical support for the development of the simultaneous proportional recovery compound machine for notillage seeding and straw mulching.

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陳海濤,鄒震,王星,史乃煜,韓廣新,侯守印.免耕播種機側向清秸覆秸秸稈比例回收裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(4):120-129. CHEN Haitao, ZOU Zhen, WANG Xing, SHI Naiyu, HAN Guangxin, HOU Shouyin. Design and Experiment of Straw Proportional Recovery Device for Clearing and Covering Straw of No-tillage Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):120-129.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-10
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