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基于人機(jī)工效學(xué)的農(nóng)機(jī)座椅自動(dòng)調(diào)平系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51905004)和安徽省高校協(xié)同創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(GXXT-2020-011)


Design and Test of Automatic Leveling System for Agricultural Machinery Seat Based on Ergonomics
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)拖拉機(jī)在高低壟犁地作業(yè)過(guò)程,駕駛艙傾斜導(dǎo)致駕駛員坐姿變化,影響駕駛員乘坐舒適性的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的座椅椅面調(diào)平機(jī)械裝置,并基于單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)了調(diào)平裝置控制器,調(diào)平精度為0.67°。為了提高調(diào)平過(guò)程中駕駛員的乘坐舒適性,搭建了模擬拖拉機(jī)座椅傾斜狀態(tài)試驗(yàn)臺(tái),研究了試驗(yàn)臺(tái)中座椅傾斜不同角度情況下對(duì)駕駛員上軀干姿態(tài)的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明人體胸椎和腰椎投影偏移隨著座椅傾斜角度的增加而增大,但座椅傾斜3°時(shí)投影偏移遠(yuǎn)小于傾斜5°時(shí)投影偏移,由此確定座椅調(diào)平系統(tǒng)工作閾值為3°。通過(guò)主觀評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn),確定座椅調(diào)平的速度為6~8mm/s時(shí),駕駛員的舒適性較高。在東方紅LX754型拖拉機(jī)上開(kāi)展實(shí)車(chē)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,座椅調(diào)平后駕駛員的腰部受力更加均勻、調(diào)平系統(tǒng)對(duì)于駕駛員的操作性及適應(yīng)性有促進(jìn)作用,驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用性。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that the driver's sitting posture changes due to the cockpit tilt during the tractor ploughing operation on high and low ridges, which affects the driver's ride comfort, a tractor seat leveling control system based on the driver's comfort was designed, a seat leveling control strategy based on the driver's ride comfort was proposed, and a seat leveling system controller was developed to feed back the seat tilt state in real time according to the seat angle sensor. The automatic leveling of the seat was realized. In order to better improve the driver's riding comfort in the leveling process, a test-bed simulating the tilt state of tractor seat was built, and the influence of seat tilt on the driver's upper torso posture under different angles in the test-bed was studied. The test results showed that the projection offset of human thoracic spine and lumbar spine was increased with the increase of seat tilt angle, but the projection offset when the seat was tilted at 3° was far less than that when the seat was tilted at 5°, which determined the operating threshold of the seat leveling system. Through the subjective evaluation test, it was determined that the driver's comfort was higher when the speed of seat leveling was 6~8mm/s. Finally, the real vehicle test was carried out on Dongfanghong LX754 tractor. The comparison test of driver's back muscle electromyography evaluation showed that the lumbar force was uniform compared with that without adjustment, which can well protect the driver's lumbar muscle. The tractor operation accuracy test and the tractor straight-line driving path tracking test showed that the use of the seat leveling system improved the operation efficiency of the steering wheel and gear. After the seat leveling, the average error of operating the tractor straight-line was reduced by 3% and the maximum transverse error was reduced by 8%, which verified the practical value of the system. This research can improve the ride comfort of drivers.

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楊洋,程尚坤,齊健,張剛,馬強(qiáng)龍,陳黎卿.基于人機(jī)工效學(xué)的農(nóng)機(jī)座椅自動(dòng)調(diào)平系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(6):434-442. YANG Yang, CHENG Shangkun, QI Jian, ZHANG Gang, MA Qianglong, CHEN Liqing. Design and Test of Automatic Leveling System for Agricultural Machinery Seat Based on Ergonomics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(6):434-442.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-24
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2022-03-21
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