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旱地缽苗移栽復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)栽植機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52005221)


Optimal Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Dryland Pot Seedlings Transplanting Compound Machine
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    摘要:

    為節(jié)省工時(shí),提高勞動(dòng)效率,提出了一種旱地缽苗移栽復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī);并針對(duì)作業(yè)機(jī)栽植軌跡不理想導(dǎo)致缽苗栽植合格率低以及栽植器粘土堵塞導(dǎo)致漏苗率高的問題,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)了移栽復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)栽植機(jī)構(gòu)。該機(jī)構(gòu)由曲柄、平行搖桿、擺桿及夾指式栽植器構(gòu)成,實(shí)現(xiàn)接苗、運(yùn)苗、扶苗栽植和復(fù)位功能,使栽植軌跡和運(yùn)動(dòng)姿態(tài)滿足栽植農(nóng)藝要求。夾指式栽植器為敞開式結(jié)構(gòu),夾指在注水沖刷與閉合瞬間振動(dòng)的作用下,解決了傳統(tǒng)鴨嘴栽植器粘土堵塞的問題。建立栽植機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0開發(fā)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件,多目標(biāo)參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)得出滿足農(nóng)藝要求的移栽運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和栽植機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù);建立栽植機(jī)構(gòu)三維模型,利用ADAMS運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真分析,驗(yàn)證了栽植機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的合理性;樣機(jī)田間試驗(yàn)表明,在缽苗高度約為15cm、作業(yè)速度20m/min工況下,缽苗栽植合格率達(dá)98.1%、漏苗率0.4%、株距變異系數(shù)4.3%、栽植深度合格率96.5%,滿足旱地缽苗移栽要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to save man-hours and improve labor efficiency, a dual-operating machine for transplanting dry land pot seedlings was proposed, and aiming at the problems of low planting qualification rate due to unsatisfactory planting trajectory and high missing seedlings rate due to planting claws clogged in the transplanting process, a dryland pot seedling planting mechanism was designed. The mechanism was composed of crank, rocker, pendulum and finger-type planter, and the functions of receiving, transporting, planting and resetting seedlings were realized, so that the planting trajectory and movement posture reached the optimal state of planting agronomic requirements. The finger-type planter was designed as an open structure, the clamping finger solved the problem of soil clogging by flushing with water and closing momentary vibration. Based on the theoretical analysis of the transplanting mechanism, the kinematics model was established. The computer-aided optimization design software was developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 software, and a group of mechanism parameters that corresponded to the best trajectory of the planting mechanism was obtained. A 3D modeling of the planting mechanism was established, and the kinematics simulation analysis was carried out by using ADAMS software, which verified the rationality of the mechanism design. The prototype field experiment results showed that under the working conditions of pot seedlings with a height of about 15cm and an operating speed of 20m/min, the planting qualification rate was 98.1%, the seedling leakage rate was 0.4%, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 4.3%, and the qualified rate of planting depth was 96.5%, meeting the requirements for transplanting dry land pot seedlings.

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那明君,滕樂,周坤,王金武,董欣,周脈樂.旱地缽苗移栽復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)栽植機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(7):67-73. NA Mingjun, TENG Le, ZHOU Kun, WANG Jinwu, DONG Xin, ZHOU Maile. Optimal Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Dryland Pot Seedlings Transplanting Compound Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):67-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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